I-Osmosis yinto apho amanzi acocekileyo ahamba ukusuka kwisisombululo esincibilikisiweyo nge-membrane ye-semi permeable ukuya kwisisombululo esiphezulu. I-Semi permeable ithetha ukuba i-membrane iya kuvumela iimolekyuli ezincinci kunye ne-ion ukuba zidlule kuyo kodwa zisebenza njengomqobo kwiimolekyuli ezinkulu okanye izinto ezinyibilikileyo. I-Reverse Osmosis yinkqubo ye-Osmosis umva. Isisombululo esingagxininisi kakhulu siya kuba nesimo sendalo sokufudukela kwisisombululo esinogxininiso oluphezulu.

Isebenza njani iReverse Osmosis System?

I-Reverse osmosis yinkqubo esusa ungcoliseko lwangaphandle, izinto eziqinileyo, iimolekyuli ezinkulu kunye neeminerali emanzini ngokusebenzisa uxinzelelo lokuyityhala ngeenwebu ezikhethekileyo. Yinkqubo yokucoca amanzi esetyenziselwa ukuphucula amanzi okusela, ukupheka kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo.

Ukuba akukho xinzelelo lwamanzi, amanzi acocekileyo (amanzi ane-concentration ephantsi) ahlanjululwe yi-osmosis aya kuhamba emanzini kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Amanzi atyhalwa ngenwebu engenamanzi. Esi sihluzo senwebu sineepores ezininzi, ezincinci njenge 0.0001 microns, ezinokuhluza malunga ne-99% yongcoliseko olunje ngebhaktheriya (malunga ne-1 micron), umsi wecuba (0.07 micron_, iintsholongwane (0.02-0.04 micron), njl. Kwaye kuphela iimolekyuli zamanzi acocekileyo zidlula kuyo.

Ukubuyisela umva ukucocwa kwamanzi kwe-osmosis kunokucoca zonke iiminerali eziluncedo ezifunwa yimizimba yethu, kodwa bubuchwephesha obusebenzayo nobungqiniweyo bokuvelisa amanzi acocekileyo nacocekileyo, alungele ukuselwa. Inkqubo ye-RO kufuneka ibonelele iminyaka emininzi yamanzi ahlambulukileyo aphezulu, ngoko unokusela ngaphandle kokukhathazeka.

Kutheni isihluzo senwebu sisebenza kakuhle ekucoceni amanzi?

Ngokubanzi, izicoci zamanzi eziphuhlisiwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku zihlelwa ikakhulu kwindlela yokucoca i-membrane-free filter kunye ne-osmosis ebuyela umva yokucoca amanzi kusetyenziswa inwebu.

Ukuhluzwa kwe-membrane ngaphandle kwe-membrane kwenziwa kakhulu ngesihluzo sekhabhoni, esihluza kuphela incasa embi, ivumba, iklorin, kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo emanzini etephu. Uninzi lwee-particulates, ezifana ne-inorganic substances, isinyithi esinzima, iikhemikhali eziphilayo kunye ne-carcinogens, azikwazi ukususwa kwaye zidlule. Kwelinye icala, uReverse osmosis indlela yokucocwa kwamanzi usebenzisa i-membrane yeyona ndlela ikhethwayo yokucocwa kwamanzi kusetyenziswa inwebu enokungena amanzi engeneyo eyenziwe bubuchwephesha bobunjineli bepolymer. Yindlela yokucoca amanzi edlulayo kwaye ihlukanise kwaye isuse iiminerali ezahlukeneyo ze-inorganic, isinyithi esinzima, ibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, kunye nezixhobo ze-radioactive eziqulethwe kumanzi ompompo ukwenza amanzi acocekileyo.

Isiphumo kukuba i-solute igcinwe kwicala loxinzelelo lwe-membrane kwaye i-solvent ecocekileyo ivumelekile ukuba idlule kwelinye icala. Ukuze "ukhethe", le membrane ayifanele ivumele iimolekyuli ezinkulu okanye i-ion ngokusebenzisa iipores (imingxuma), kodwa kufuneka ivumele amacandelo amancinci esisombululo (njengama-molecule e-solvent, oko kukuthi, amanzi, i-H2O) ukuba idlule ngokukhululekile.

Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi apha eCarlifonia, apho ukuqina kunzima kumanzi etephu. Ke kutheni ungawonwabeli amanzi acocekileyo nakhuselekileyo anenkqubo ye-osmosis ebuyela umva?

R/O Isihluzi seMembrane

Ekuqaleni koo-1950, uGqr. Sidney Loeb e-UCLA wenza i-reverse osmosis (RO) ibe luncedo ngokuphuhlisa, kunye ne-Srinivasa Sourirajan, i-semi-permeable anisotropic membranes. Iimbrane ze-osmosis ezenziweyo ziyilwe ngokukodwa iinwebu ezivumela isiqingatha semi-permeable ezinemingxuma eyi-0.0001 microns, isigidi esinye sobukhulu beenwele. Le inwebu sisihluzo esikhethekileyo esenziwe bubuchwephesha bobunjineli bepolymer ukuba akukho zingcoliso zekhemikhali kunye neebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane ezinokudlula.

Xa uxinzelelo lusetyenziswa kumanzi angcolileyo ukuba adlule kule inwebu ekhethekileyo, iikhemikhali eziphezulu ze-molecular weight, ezifana ne-limewater echithwe emanzini, kunye neekhemikhali eziphezulu ze-molecular weight ezifana ne-lime, ezinyibilikisiweyo emanzini, zidlula kwi-membrane ye-semi-permeable ecocekileyo kuphela. amanzi obunzima obuncinci bemolekyuli kunye neoksijini enyityilisiweyo kunye nemigca yeeminerali eziphilayo. Ziyilelwe ukuba zikhutshwe kwi-membrane ngoxinzelelo lwamanzi amatsha angadluli kwi-membrane e-semipermeable kwaye aqhubeke etyhala ngaphakathi.

Isiphumo kukuba i-solute igcinwe kwicala loxinzelelo lwe-membrane kwaye i-solvent ecocekileyo ivumelekile ukuba idlule kwelinye icala. Ukuze "ukhethe", le membrane ayifanele ivumele iimolekyuli ezinkulu okanye i-ion ngokusebenzisa iipores (imingxuma), kodwa kufuneka ivumele amacandelo amancinci esisombululo (njengama-molecule e-solvent, oko kukuthi, amanzi, i-H2O) ukuba idlule ngokukhululekile.

Iimbumba, ezamiselwa ngeenjongo zonyango, eziphuhliselwe imfazwe yasemkhosini okanye ukunika amajoni amanzi okusela acocekileyo, angosulelwanga, kunye nokucoca ngakumbi umchamo kasomajukujuku oqokelelwe xa iziganeko ezingalindelekanga zisenzeka ngexesha lokuphononongwa kwendawo. Isetyenziselwa i-aerospace yamanzi okusela, kwaye kutsha nje, iinkampani ezinkulu zesiselo zisebenzisa izixhobo zokucoca amanzi kwimizi-mveliso emikhulu ukuvelisa iibhotile, kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizicoci zamanzi zasemakhaya.