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Izihluzi zamanzi zeBig Berkey zilandelwa ngabantu abaninzi. Besisoloko siphanda ngeembiza zezihluzi zamanzi ezilungileyo kunye nezihluzi zamanzi eziphantsi kwesinki ezingcono kangangeminyaka, kwaye sibuzwe amaxesha amaninzi ngeBig Berkey. Umenzi uthi esi sihluzi sinokususa izinto ezingcolisayo ezininzi kunezinye izihluzi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iindlela zethu zesihluzi, iBig Berkey ayiqinisekiswanga ngokuzimeleyo kwimigangatho ye-NSF/ANSI.
Emva kweeyure ezingama-50 zophando kunye novavanyo oluzimeleyo lwelabhoratri lwamabango omenzi weBig Berkey, iziphumo zethu zovavanyo, kunye neziphumo zelinye ilebhu esithethe nayo kunye nelebhu yesithathu eneziphumo ezifumaneka esidlangalaleni, azihambelani ngokupheleleyo. Sikholelwa ukuba oku kubonisa ngakumbi ukubaluleka kwesatifikethi se-NSF/ANSI: sivumela abantu ukuba benze izigqibo zokuthenga ngokusekelwe kuthelekiso oluthembekileyo lokusebenza phakathi kweapile neapile. Ukongeza, ekubeni inkqubo yeBig Berkey inkulu, ibiza kakhulu, kwaye kunzima ukuyigcina kuneepitchers kunye nezihluzi ezingaphantsi kwesinki, asiyi kuyicebisa nokuba iqinisekisiwe.
Iinkqubo zeekhawuntara zeBerkey kunye nezihluzi zibiza kakhulu kunezinye iindlela zokucoca amanzi kwaye azilula ukuzisebenzisa. Amabango okusebenza kwabavelisi akaqinisekiswanga ngokuzimeleyo ngokwemigangatho yesizwe.
I-New Millennium Concepts, umenzi weBig Berkey, ithi isihluzo sinokususa izinto ezingcolileyo ezingaphezu kwekhulu, nto leyo engaphezulu kakhulu kunezinye izihluzo ezidityaniswe namandla omxhuzulane esizihlolisisileyo. Sivavanye la mabango ngomlinganiselo olinganiselweyo, kwaye iziphumo zethu bezingafani rhoqo neziphumo zelebhu ezigunyaziswe yiNew Millennium. Ngokukodwa, iziphumo ezivela kwilebhu esigunyazisiweyo nakwilebhu iNew Millennium ebezisandula ukuyifumana zibonise ukuba ukuhluzwa kwe-chloroform bekungasebenzanga njengovavanyo lwesithathu lwangaphambili (olukwaxelwa nakwiincwadi zemveliso zeNew Millennium).
Akukho nanye kwezi vavanyo sizikhankanyayo apha (uvavanyo lwethu okanye uvavanyo lwe-Envirotek okanye uvavanyo lwekhontrakthi yeLos Angeles County Laboratory's New Millennium) ehlangabezana nobunzima bovavanyo lwe-NSF/ANSI. Ngokukodwa, i-NSF/ANSI yayifuna ukuba uhlobo lwesihluzo esisetyenziswa yiBerkey ludlule kabini kumthamo olinganisiweyo wesihluzo apho amanzi amdaka alinganiswa khona ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe imilinganiselo. Nangona zonke iimvavanyo esizifumanayo neNew Millennium, ngokolwazi lwethu, ziphelele kwaye zingobungcali, nganye isebenzisa inkqubo yayo, engadingi msebenzi unzima. Ekubeni kungekho nanye kwezi vavanyo eyenziweyo ngokwemigangatho epheleleyo ye-NSF/ANSI, asinayo indlela ecacileyo yokuthelekisa ngokuchanekileyo iziphumo okanye ukuthelekisa ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwesihluzo seBurkey noko sikuvavanye ngaphambili.
Indawo enye apho wonke umntu wayevumelana khona yayikukususa i-lead emanzini okusela, nto leyo eyabonisa ukuba iBig Berkey yenze umsebenzi omhle wokususa iintsimbi ezinzima. Ngoko ke ukuba unengxaki eyaziwayo nge-lead okanye ezinye iintsimbi emanzini akho, kungangcono ukujonga iBig Berks njengenyathelo lexeshana.
Ukongeza kubunzima bokuthelekisa iziphumo zelebhu ezingqubanayo, iNew Millennium Concepts ayizange iphendule kwizicelo ezininzi zodliwanondlebe ukuze kuxoxwe ngeziphumo zethu. Ngokubanzi, iingxelo zethu zisinika ukuqonda okungacacanga ngeenkqubo zeBerkey, nto leyo engenjalo kwabanye abavelisi abaninzi bezihluzi.
Kwizinto zokuhluza amanzi zemihla ngemihla, uninzi lwee-pitchers kunye nezihluzo ezingaphantsi kwesinki eziqinisekisiweyo ze-NSF/ANSI zincinci, zilula ngakumbi, zitshiphu ukuzithenga nokuzilungisa, kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa. Zikwabonelela ngoxanduva oluhambelana novavanyo oluzimeleyo nolucacileyo.
Khumbula ukuba uninzi lweenkqubo zamanzi zikamasipala zikhuselekile ngokwemvelo, ngoko ke ngaphandle kokuba uyazi ukuba kukho ingxaki kwindawo ohlala kuyo, mhlawumbi akuyi kufuna ukuhluzwa ngenxa yezizathu zempilo. Ukuba ukulungiselela imeko kaxakeka kuyinto exhalabisayo kuwe, cinga ngeengcebiso ezivela kwisikhokelo sethu sokulungiselela imeko kaxakeka, esiquka iimveliso kunye neengcebiso zokugcina amanzi acocekileyo efikeleleka.
Ukususela ngo-2016, ndingumcebisi wethu weefiltha zamanzi, kuquka iipitcher kunye neenkqubo ezingaphantsi kwesinki. UJohn Holecek wayengumphengululi wangaphambili we-NOAA obesenza uvavanyo lomgangatho womoya namanzi kuthi ukusukela ngo-2014. Uvelise izisombululo zovavanyo waza wasebenza neelabhoratri ezizimeleyo egameni leWirecutter ukubhala esi sikhokelo kunye nesikhokelo sefiltha yeepitcher. I-EnviroMatrix Analytical ivunyiwe liSebe lezeMpilo loLuntu laseCalifornia ukuvavanya amanzi okusela rhoqo.
Iinkqubo zokucoca iBig Berkey kunye neenkqubo ezifanayo ezivela kwiAlexapure kunye neProOne (eyayisakuba yiPropur) zithandwa ngabantu abaxhomekeke emanzini acocekileyo, anokuba nezinto ezingcolisayo ebezinokususwa zizityalo zonyango lwamanzi zikamasipala. IBurkey ikwanabalandeli abaninzi phakathi kweengcali zokulungiselela iintlekele kunye nabantu abangathandabuziyo urhulumente. 1 Abathengisi baseBerkey babhengeza ezi nkqubo njengezixhobo zokhuseleko olungxamisekileyo, kwaye ngokwezinye iintelekelelo banokubonelela ngamanzi okusela acocekileyo kubantu abafikelela kwi-170 ngosuku.
Nokuba yintoni na isizathu sokuba unomdla kwiBerkey okanye nakweyiphi na enye inkqubo yokucoca amanzi, kufuneka sigxininise ukuba uninzi lwamanzi kamasipala eMelika lucocekile kakhulu kwasekuqaleni. Akukho sihluzo sinokususa izinto ezingcolisayo ezingekhoyo, ngoko ke ngaphandle kokuba unengxaki eyaziwayo, mhlawumbi awuyi kuyidinga isihluzo konke konke.
Abenzi beBig Berkey bathi esi sixhobo sinokususa izinto ezingcolileyo ezingaphezu kwekhulu (ezininzi kakhulu kunezinye izihluzi ezidityaniswe ngamandla omxhuzulane esizihlolisisileyo). Ekubeni esi sihluzi singaqinisekiswanga yi-NSF/ANSI (ngokungafaniyo nezinye izihluzi esizicebisayo kwezinye izikhokelo), asinaso isiseko esiqinileyo sokusithelekisa nezinye izihluzi esizivavanyileyo ngaphambili. Ngoko ke sigqibe ekubeni senze uvavanyo oluzimeleyo ukuze sizame ukuphinda ezinye zezi ziphumo.
Ukuvavanya la mabango, njengakwi-canister test, uJohn Holecek walungisa oko wakubiza ngokuba “zizisombululo zeengxaki” waza wazisebenzisa kwinkqubo yeBig Berkey (exhotyiswe ngesihluzo seBlack Berkey). Emva koko wathumela iisampulu zesisombululo kunye namanzi ahluziweyo kwi-EnviroMatrix Analytical, ilebhu ezimeleyo evunyiweyo yiLizwe laseCalifornia, ukuze ihlalutywe. Ukuze enze uvavanyo lweBig Burkey, walungiselela izisombululo ezibini: esinye esiqulethe inani elikhulu le-lead enyibilikisiweyo, kwaye esinye siqulethe i-chloroform. Ziza kunika umbono wokusebenza kakuhle kwesihluzo ngokunxulumene neentsimbi ezinzima kunye neekhompawundi zendalo.
UJohn walungisa iisampulu zolawulo ukuze zihlangabezane okanye zidlule uxinaniso olungcolisayo oluchazwe kwisatifikethi se-NSF/ANSI (150 µg/L yelead kunye ne-300 µg/L yechloroform). Ngokutsho kovavanyo lwedayi lweBerkey (ividiyo), emva kokuqinisekisa ukuba isihluzo sifakiwe kwaye sisebenza ngokuchanekileyo, wasebenzisa igaloni yesisombululo esingcolisiweyo ngeBerkey waza walahla ifiltrate (amanzi nayo nayiphi na enye into edlula kwisihluzo). Ukuze alinganise isisombululo esingcolisiweyo, wahluza iigaloni ezimbini zolwelo ngeBurkey, wasusa isampuli yolawulo kwigaloni yesibini, waza waqokelela iisampulu ezimbini zovavanyo zefiltrate kuyo. Iisampulu zolawulo kunye nokuvuza emva koko zathunyelwa kwi-EnviroMatrix Analytical ukuze zivavanye. Ngenxa yokuba i-chloroform iguquguqukayo kakhulu kwaye "ifuna" ukuba iphele kwaye idibane nezinye izinto ezikhoyo, uJohn uxuba i-chloroform kwisisombululo esingcolisiweyo ngaphambi nje kokuhluzwa.
I-EnviroMatrix Analytical isebenzisa i-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ukulinganisa i-chloroform kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye ii-volatile organic compounds (okanye ii-VOC). Umxholo we-lead ulinganiswe kusetyenziswa i-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) ngokwe-EPA Method 200.8.
Iziphumo ze-EnviroMatrix Analytical ziphikisana kancinci kwaye zixhasa kancinci amabango e-New Millennium. Izihluzi ezimnyama zeBerkey azisebenzi kakuhle ekususeni i-chloroform. Kwelinye icala, zenza umsebenzi omhle kakhulu wokunciphisa i-lead. (Jonga icandelo elilandelayo ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezipheleleyo.)
Sabelane ngeziphumo zethu zelebhu noJamie Young, ingcali yekhemistri kunye nomnini/umqhubi welebhu yovavanyo lwamanzi enelayisenisi yaseNew Jersey (eyayisaziwa ngokuba yi-Envirotek ngelo xesha) elawulwa yiNew Millennium Concepts (umdali wenkqubo yeBig Berkey) eyagunyaziswa ngo-2014. Uvavanyo lwakho. Esi sisihluzo seBlack Berkey. 2 Young uqinisekisile iziphumo zethu nge-chloroform kunye ne-lead.
I-New Millennium iye yayalela ezinye iimvavanyo kwixesha elidlulileyo, kuquka olunye olwenziwe ngo-2012 yiLos Angeles County Agricultural Commissioner/Department of Weights and Measures Environmental Toxicology Laboratory; kule ngxelo, i-chloroform (PDF) ngokwenene idweliswe njengeBlack Berkey ngokwemigangatho yesebe (i-EPA, ayiyonye yezinto ezingcolisayo ezisuswe yi-NSF/ANSI). Emva kovavanyo ngo-2012, umsebenzi we-toxicology wadluliselwa kwiSebe lezeMpilo yoLuntu laseLos Angeles. Sinxibelelane ne-DPH kwaye baqinisekisa ukuba ingxelo yokuqala yayichanekile. Kodwa i-New Millennium ichaze uvavanyo lukaYoung "njengomjikelo wamva nje" kwaye iziphumo zakhe zezo zamva nje ezidweliswe kwiBirkey Water Knowledge Base, apho i-New Millennium igcina khona uluhlu lweziphumo zovavanyo kwaye iphendule imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo kwiwebhusayithi ezimeleyo.
Iiprotokholi zovavanyo zeWirecutter, Young kunye neLos Angeles County azingqinelani. Kwaye ekubeni kungekho nanye kuzo ehlangabezana nemigangatho ye-NSF/ANSI, asinasiseko esiqhelekileyo sokuthelekisa iziphumo.
Ngoko ke, uluvo lwethu ngokubanzi ngenkqubo yeBig Berkey aluxhomekekanga kakhulu kwiziphumo zovavanyo lwethu. IBig Berkey kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye ixabisa kancinci kangangokuba sicebisa isihluzo sekhenista esisetyenziswa rhoqo sinamandla adonsela phantsi komhlaba kubafundi abaninzi, nangona iBerkey yenza yonke into ethi iNew Millennium inokuyenza njengesihluzo.
Sikwavule izihluzi ezimbalwa zeBlack Berkey ukuze sibone indlela ezakhiwe ngayo kunye nokufumana ubungqina bokuba ziqulathe "ubuncinane" izinto ezintandathu ezahlukeneyo zesihluzi, njengoko isebe lentengiso laseBerkey lisitsho. Sifumanise ukuba nangona isihluzi seBerkey sikhulu kwaye sixinene kunezihluzi zeBrita kunye ne-3M Filtrete, zibonakala zinendlela efanayo yokuhluza: ikhabhoni esebenzayo efakwe i-ion exchange resin.
Iinkqubo zokucoca iBerkey ziwela kudidi olukhulu lwezihluzo ezixhaswa ngumxhuzulane. Ezi zixhobo zilula zisebenzisa umxhuzulane ukutsala amanzi avela kwigumbi eliphezulu ngesihluzo se-mesh esincinci; amanzi ahluziweyo aqokelelwa kwigumbi elisezantsi kwaye anokusasazwa ukusuka apho. Le yindlela esebenzayo nesetyenziswa kakhulu, apho izihluzo ze-canister zingumzekelo oqhelekileyo.
Izihluzi zeBerkey zisebenza kakhulu ekunyangeni amanzi okusela angcoliswe yi-lead. Kuvavanyo lwethu, banciphise amanqanaba e-lead ukusuka kwi-170 µg/L ukuya kwi-0.12 µg/L kuphela, nto leyo edlula kakhulu imfuneko yesatifikethi se-NSF/ANSI yokunciphisa amanqanaba e-lead ukusuka kwi-150 µg/L ukuya kwi-10 µg/L okanye ngaphantsi.
Kodwa kwiimvavanyo zethu nge-chloroform, isihluzo seBlack Berkey asisebenzanga kakuhle, sinciphisa umxholo we-chloroform kwisampulu yovavanyo nge-13% kuphela, ukusuka kwi-150 µg/L ukuya kwi-130 µg/L. I-NSF/ANSI ifuna ukuncitshiswa ngama-95% ukusuka kwi-300 µg/L ukuya kwi-15 µg/L okanye ngaphantsi. (Isisombululo sethu sovavanyo sasilungiselelwe kumgangatho we-NSF/ANSI we-300 µg/L, kodwa ukuguquguquka kwe-chloroform kuthetha ukuba yenza ngokukhawuleza iikhompawundi ezintsha okanye iphele, ngoko ke uxinzelelo lwayo luyehla luye kwi-150 µg/L xa luvavanywa. Kodwa uvavanyo lwe-EnviroMatrix Analytical lukwabamba (ezinye iikhompawundi eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo ezinokuveliswa yi-chloroform, ngoko ke sikholelwa ukuba iziphumo zichanekile.) UJamie Young, injineli yovavanyo lwamanzi enelayisenisi evela eNew Jersey eyenze umjikelo wamva nje wovavanyo lweNew Millennium Concepts, naye wenze kakubi nge-chloroform evela kwisihluzo seBlack Berkey.
Nangona kunjalo, iNew Millennium Concepts ithi kwibhokisi yesihluzo isihluzo seBlack Berkey sinciphisa i-chloroform ngama-99.8% ukuya “ngaphantsi kwemida enokubonwa elebhu.” (Eli nani libonakala lisekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo ezenziwe yiLos Angeles County Laboratory ngo-2012. Iziphumo zovavanyo [PDF] ziyafumaneka kwisiseko solwazi lweBerkey Water, oludityaniswe (kodwa kungekhona inxalenye) yesiza esiphambili seBerkey.)
Ukuze kucace gca, thina, i-Envirotek, kunye neLos Angeles County asikayilandeli yonke iprotocol ye-NSF/ANSI Standard 53 esetyenziselwa izihluzi zomxhuzulane ezifana neBlack Berkey.
Kwimeko yethu, senze uvavanyo lwelabhoratri emva kokuba iBlack Berkeys ihluze iilitha ezininzi zesisombululo esilungisiweyo ukuya kuxinzelelo lwesalathiso se-NSF/ANSI. Kodwa isiqinisekiso se-NSF/ANSI sifuna izihluzi ezixhaswa ngumxhuzulane ukuba zimelane nomthamo wazo wokugeleza ophindwe kabini ngaphambi kovavanyo. Kwisihluzi seBlack Berkey, oko kuthetha iilitha ezingama-6,000.
Njengathi, uJamie Young walungiselela isisombululo sovavanyo kwi-NSF/ANSI Standard 53, kodwa asizange sidlule kwi-Standard 53 epheleleyo, eyayifuna iilitha ezingama-6,000 zesisombululo esingcolisayo esisetyenziswa yiBlack Berries ukuze sidlule kwisihluzo. Uxele ukuba kuvavanyo lwakhe isihluzo sikwasebenza kakuhle nge-lead, nto leyo eqinisekisile iziphumo zethu. Nangona kunjalo, uthe azisahlangabezani nemigangatho yokususa i-NSF emva kokucoca malunga neelitha ezili-1,100—ngaphezulu nje kwesithathu seNew Millennium's yathi ubomi be-3,000-gallons kwiihluzo zeBlack Berkey.
ILos Angeles County ilandela inkqubo eyahlukileyo ye-EPA apho isampulu enye ye-2-litre yesisombululo sesampulu idlula kwisihluzo. Ngokungafaniyo nathi noYoung, isithili sifumanise ukuba isihluzo seBlack Berkey sisuse i-chloroform ukuze kuvavanywe imigangatho, kule meko ingaphezulu kwe-99.8%, ukusuka kwi-250 µg/L ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-0.5 µg/L.
Iziphumo ezingangqinelaniyo ezivela kuvavanyo lwethu xa zithelekiswa nezo zivela kwiilabhoratri ezimbini ezigunyaziswe yiBurkey zisenza sithandabuze ukucebisa esi sihluzo, ingakumbi xa unokufumana ezinye iindlela eziqinisekisiweyo ezizimeleyo eziphendula yonke le mibuzo ivulekileyo.
Ngokubanzi, amava ethu ovavanyo ayasixhasa isikhundla sethu: sicebisa izihluzi zamanzi ezinesatifikethi se-NSF/ANSI, ngelixa iBerkey ingenaso isiqinisekiso esinjalo. Oku kungenxa yokuba imigangatho yesatifikethi se-NSF/ANSI ingqongqo kakhulu kwaye icacile: nabani na angayifunda kwiwebhusayithi ye-NSF. Iilabhoratri ezizimeleyo ezivunyiweyo kuvavanyo lwesatifikethi se-NSF/ANSI zona ngokwazo zivunyiwe ngokungqongqo. Xa sasibhala ngesi sikhokelo, sithethe ne-NSF saza safumanisa ukuba kuya kubiza ngaphezulu kwe-1 yezigidi zeerandi ukwenza uvavanyo lwesatifikethi sazo zonke izinto ezithi iNew Millennium Concepts isihluzi seBlack Berkey sizisuse. I-New Millennium ithe ikholelwa ukuba isatifikethi se-NSF asiyomfuneko, ikhankanya iindleko njengesinye isizathu sokuba ingakhange yenze uvavanyo.
Kodwa nokuba isebenza njani na indlela yokuhluza, kukho iingxaki ezaneleyo ngesi sihluzo kangangokuba kulula kuthi ukucebisa enye yeendlela zethu zokuhluza amanzi ngaphambi kokuba sicebise iBig Berkey. Okokuqala, inkqubo yeBerkey ibiza kakhulu ukuyithenga nokuyigcina kunaso nasiphi na isihluzo esisicebisayo. Ngokungafaniyo nezihluzo esizicebisayo, iBerkey inkulu kwaye inomtsalane. Yenzelwe ukuba ibekwe phezu kwetafile. Kodwa ekubeni ingama-intshi ali-19 ubude, ayizukungena phantsi kweekhabhathi ezininzi zodonga, ezihlala zifakelwa ngama-intshi ali-18 ngaphezulu kwekhawuntara. IBerkey ikwande kakhulu ukuba ingangena kwiindlela ezininzi zokuhombisa iifriji. Ngale ndlela, akunakwenzeka ukuba ugcine amanzi eBerkey ebanda (okulula ukukwenza ngokukhetha komqhubi wethu wenqanawa ngesihluzo). I-New Millennium Concepts inikezela ngesihluzo seesentimitha ezi-5 ukwenza kube lula ukufaka iiglasi zeglasi phantsi kombhobho weBig Berkey, kodwa ezi zihluzo zibiza kakhulu kwaye zongeza ubude kwiyunithi esele ide.
Umbhali weWirecutter owayekhe waba neBig Berkey wabhala ngamava akhe: “Ngaphandle kwento yokuba esi sixhobo sikhulu ngendlela engaqhelekanga, itanki ephezulu ingazaliswa ngokulula ukuba ulibele ukukhupha amanzi kwitanki esezantsi. Sinzima kancinci kwaye sinkulu kwaye siqala ukuhluza ngoko nangoko. Ngoko ke kuya kufuneka usiphakamise ukuze wenze indawo yesihluzo sekhabhoni (eside kwaye sibuthathaka) uze usifake kwisinki esezantsi ngaphambi kokuba siqale ukuvuza emgangathweni okanye kwikhawuntara.”
Omnye umhleli weWirecutter wayeneBig Berkey (enesihluzo seceramic esinokutshintshwa senkampani) kodwa wayeka ngokukhawuleza ukuyisebenzisa. “Yayisisipho esivela kwiqabane lam kuba ndayibona endlwini yomhlobo wam ndaza ndacinga ukuba amanzi aphumayo ayenencasa entle kakhulu,” utshilo. “Ukuhlala nenye yayiyinto eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Indawo yekhawuntara, zombini ngokuthe tye nangokuthe nkqo, yayinkulu kwaye ayilungelelani. Kwaye isinki yekhitshi esasihlala kuyo yayincinci kangangokuba kwakunzima ukuyicoca.”
Sikwabona abanini abaninzi bekhalaza ngokukhula kwe-algae kunye neebhaktheriya, kwaye uninzi lwazo, i-mucus kwi-Great Berkies yabo. I-New Millenium Concepts iyayiqonda le ngxaki kwaye icebisa ukuba kongezwe iiBerkey Biofilm Drops emanzini ahluziweyo. Le yingxaki enkulu kangangokuba abathengisi abaninzi beBerkey banikele iphepha elipheleleyo kuyo.
Abathengisi abaninzi bayavuma ukuba ukukhula kweebhaktheriya kunokuba yingxaki, kodwa badla ngokuthi kuya kuvela emva kweminyaka embalwa yokusetyenziswa, kodwa oku akunjalo ngabahleli bethu. “Yaqala ngaphantsi konyaka,” utshilo. “Amanzi anencasa yokungunda, kwaye zombini iigumbi eziphezulu nezisezantsi ziqala ukunuka ukungunda. Ndiyazicoca kakuhle, ndihlambe izihluzi ndize ndizisuse ukuze ndifikelele kuzo zonke iindawo ezincinci zokudibanisa, kwaye ndiqinisekisa ukuba ndihlamba ngaphakathi kwimpompo. Malunga neentsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa ivumba lamanzi laba yinto eqhelekileyo laza laphinda langunda kwakhona. Ndagqibela ndimmisa uBirki kwaye ndaziva kakubi.”
Ukuze ususe ngokupheleleyo i-algae kunye ne-bacterial slime kwisihluzo seBlack Berkey, coca umphezulu ngeScotch-Brite, wenze okufanayo kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi eziphezulu nezisezantsi, uze ekugqibeleni usebenzise isisombululo se-bleach kwisihluzo. Kufuna ukulungiswa okukhulu kwinto eyenzelwe ukwenza abantu bazive bekhuselekile ngamanzi abo.
Ukuba ukhathalele ukulungela intlekele kwaye ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba unamanzi acocekileyo afumanekayo ngexesha leengxamiseko, sicebisa ukuba usebenzise iimveliso zokugcina amanzi kwiSikhokelo sethu sokuLungiselela iingxamiseko. Ukuba ufuna nje isihluzo samanzi empompini esilungileyo, sicebisa ukuba ujonge isihluzo esiqinisekisiweyo se-NSF/ANSI, njengezikhokelo zethu zeePitchers zeZihluzo zamanzi eziBalaseleyo kunye neeFilters zamanzi eziPhantsi kweSinki eziBalaseleyo.
Uninzi lwezihluzi zomxhuzulane zisebenzisa izinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ukususa ungcoliseko emanzini. Ikhabhoni esebenzayo ifunxa okanye ibopha iikhompawundi zendalo, kuquka amafutha kunye nezinyibilikisi ezisekelwe kwipetroleum, izibulali-zinambuzane ezininzi kunye namayeza amaninzi. Ii-ion exchange resins zisusa iintsimbi ezininzi ezinyibilikisiweyo emanzini, zithatha indawo yeentsimbi ezinzima ezinobuthi (ezifana ne-lead, i-mercury kunye ne-cadmium) ngeentsimbi ezinzima ezikhaphukhaphu, ezininzi zazo zingenabungozi (ezifana ne-sodium, eyona nto iphambili kwityuwa yetafile).
Ukhetho lwethu lwezihluzo zepitcher (ezivela eBrita) kunye nezihluzo ezingaphantsi kwesinki (ezivela kwi-3M Filtrete) zenziwe ngolu hlobo. I-New Millennium Concepts ayichazi ukuba isihluzo seBlack Berkey senziwe ngantoni, kodwa abathengisi abaninzi bathetha ngoyilo lwaso, kuquka iTheBerkey.com: “Into yethu yesihluzo seBlack Berkey yenziwe ngomxube okhethekileyo wemidiya eyahlukeneyo engaphezu kwemithandathu. Le fomyula ineentlobo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ikhabhoni yeqokobhe lekhokhonathi ekumgangatho ophezulu, zonke zifakwe kwi-matrix encinci kakhulu equlethe izigidi zeembobo ezincinci.” Xa sisika izihluzo zeBlack Berkey ezimbini, zenziwe ngee-ion ezifakwe ngaphakathi eziqulethe iibhloko zekhabhoni ezisebenzayo ezitshintsha i-resin. UJamie Young uyaqinisekisa oku kubonwayo.
UTim Heffernan ngumbhali ophezulu ogxile kumgangatho womoya namanzi kunye nokonga amandla ekhaya. Njengomntu owayenegalelo kwiThe Atlantic, Popular Mechanics kunye nezinye iimagazini zelizwe, wajoyina iWirecutter ngo-2015. Uneebhayisekile ezintathu kwaye akanazo izixhobo.
Ezi zihluzo zamanzi, iimbiza kunye nezitya zokuhambisa amanzi ziqinisekisiwe ukuba ziyasusa izinto ezingcolisayo kwaye ziphucule umgangatho wamanzi okusela ekhayeni lakho.
Emva kokuvavanya imithombo yamanzi yezilwanyana ezili-13 (kwaye siguqule enye ibe yinto yokudlala), sifumanise ukuba uMthombo weentyatyambo zekati ulungele uninzi lweekati (kunye nezinye izinja).
I-Wirecutter yinkonzo yengcebiso yemveliso ye-New York Times. Iintatheli zethu zidibanisa uphando oluzimeleyo kunye (ngamanye amaxesha) novavanyo oluqatha ukukunceda wenze isigqibo sokuthenga ngokukhawuleza nangokuzithemba. Nokuba ufuna iimveliso ezisemgangathweni okanye ufuna iingcebiso eziluncedo, siza kukunceda ufumane iimpendulo ezichanekileyo (okokuqala).