Siqinisekisa ngokuzimeleyo yonke into esiyicebisayo. Xa uthenga ngeekhonkco zethu, sinokufumana ikhomishini. Funda ngakumbi>
UTim Heffernan ngumbhali obhala ngomgangatho womoya namanzi kunye nobuchwepheshe bamandla obuzinzileyo. Ukhetha ukuvavanya izicoci ngomsi weFlare matches.
Sikwafake ukhetho oluhle kakhulu, iCyclopure Purefast, isihluzi esihambelana neBrita esiqinisekiswe yiNSF/ANSI ukunciphisa iPFAS.
Ukuba ufuna indlela elula yokufumana amanzi okusela ahluziweyo ekhaya, sicebisa iBrita Elite Water Filter, kunye neBrita Standard Everyday 10-Cup Pitcher okanye (ukuba usebenzisa amanzi amaninzi ekhayeni lakho) iBrita Standard 27-Cup Capacity Pitcher okanye iBrita Ultramax Water Dispenser. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe nayiphi na kwezi, yazi ukuba emva kweminyaka ephantse ibe lishumi siphumeza ukuhluza amanzi ekhaya, sikholelwa ukuba izihluzi zamanzi ezingaphantsi kwesinki okanye ezingaphantsi kwempompo zezona zilungileyo. Zihlala ixesha elide, zinika amanzi acocekileyo ngokukhawuleza, zinciphisa ungcoliseko, azinakwenzeka ukuba zivale, kwaye kuthatha imizuzu embalwa nje ukuzifaka.
Le modeli ineziqinisekiso ze-ANSI/NSF ezingaphezu kwama-30, ngaphezu kwaso nasiphi na isihluzo esikudidi lwayo, kwaye yenzelwe ixesha lokutshintsha leenyanga ezintandathu. Kodwa njengazo zonke izihluzo, inokuvaleka.
I-Brita signature kettle ngeendlela ezininzi yeyona ichaza i-filter kettle kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa nokuyigcina icocekile kunezinye iimodeli ezininzi zaseBrita.
I-Brita Water Dispenser inamandla aneleyo okuhlangabezana neemfuno zamanzi zemihla ngemihla zosapho olukhulu, kwaye i-faucet yayo engavuziyo yenzelwe ukuba ibe lula kwaye isebenziseke ngabantwana.
I-LifeStraw Home Dispenser ivavanywe ngokucokisekileyo ukususa uninzi lwezinto ezingcolisayo, kuquka ne-lead, kwaye isihluzo sayo siyakwazi ukumelana nokuvaleka ngaphezu kwaso nasiphi na esinye isihluzo esikhe savavanya.
Izinto zokucoca i-Dexsorb, ezivavanywe ngokwemigangatho ye-NSF/ANSI, zibamba ngokufanelekileyo uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezihlala zikhona zeekhemikhali (PFAS), kubandakanya i-PFOA kunye ne-PFOS.
Le modeli ineziqinisekiso ze-ANSI/NSF ezingaphezu kwama-30, ngaphezu kwaso nasiphi na isihluzo esikudidi lwayo, kwaye yenzelwe ixesha lokutshintsha leenyanga ezintandathu. Kodwa njengazo zonke izihluzo, inokuvaleka.
Eyona filter isebenzayo eBrita yiBrita Elite. Iqinisekisiwe yi-ANSI/NSF kwaye isusa izinto ezingcolisayo ezininzi kunaso nasiphi na esinye isihluzo samanzi esisivavanyeyo; ezi zinto ziquka i-lead, i-mercury, i-cadmium, i-PFOA, kunye ne-PFOS, kunye noluhlu olubanzi lweekhompawundi zoshishino kunye nezinto ezingcolisayo zamanzi empompini eziya ziba “zizinto ezingcolisayo ezivelayo.” Inokuhlala iigaloni ezili-120, okanye iinyanga ezintandathu, nto leyo ephindwe kathathu kunomlinganiselo wobomi bezinye izihluzo. Ekugqibeleni, oko kwenza i-Elite ingabizi kakhulu kunesihluzo esiqhelekileyo seenyanga ezimbini. Nangona kunjalo, inkunkuma emanzini inokuyivala ngaphambi kokuba iinyanga ezintandathu ziphele. Ukuba uyazi ukuba amanzi akho empompini acocekile kodwa ufuna nje ukuba abe nencasa engcono (ingakumbi ukuba ivumba njenge-chlorine), isihluzo se-kettle kunye ne-dispenser esiqhelekileyo saseBrita singabizi kakhulu kwaye asikwazi ukuvaleka, kodwa asiqinisekiswanga ukuba siqulathe i-lead okanye naziphi na ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo zoshishino.
I-Brita signature kettle ngeendlela ezininzi yeyona ichaza i-filter kettle kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa nokuyigcina icocekile kunezinye iimodeli ezininzi zaseBrita.
Kwiimbiza ezininzi zaseBrita, esizithandayo yiBrita Standard Everyday 10-Cup Pitcher. Uyilo olungenasithuba luyenza kube lula ukuyicoca kunezinye iibhotile zaseBrita, kwaye uphawu lokuguqula ubhontsi ngesandla esinye lwenza kube lula nangakumbi ukuyizalisa. Isiphatho sayo esigobileyo esinomfanekiso we-C sikwakhululekile kuneziphatho ezinomfanekiso we-D ezifumaneka kwiibhotile ezininzi zaseBrita.
I-Brita Water Dispenser inamandla aneleyo okuhlangabezana neemfuno zamanzi zemihla ngemihla zosapho olukhulu, kwaye i-faucet yayo engavuziyo yenzelwe ukuba ibe lula kwaye isebenziseke ngabantwana.
I-Brita Ultramax Water Dispenser ibamba malunga neekomityi ezingama-27 zamanzi (iikomityi ezili-18 kwidama lokucoca kunye neekomityi ezili-9 ukuya kwezili-10 ezongezelelweyo kwidama lokugcwalisa eliphezulu). Uyilo lwayo oluncinci lugcina indawo efrijini, kwaye itephu iyavalwa emva kokugalelwa ukuze kuthintelwe ukugcwala. Yindlela elula yokuhlala unamanzi amaninzi abandayo, ahluziweyo esandleni.
I-LifeStraw Home Dispenser ivavanywe ngokucokisekileyo ukususa uninzi lwezinto ezingcolisayo, kuquka ne-lead, kwaye isihluzo sayo siyakwazi ukumelana nokuvaleka ngaphezu kwaso nasiphi na esinye isihluzo esikhe savavanya.
Sisebenzise iLifeStraw Home Water Dispenser ukucoca iilitha eziyi-2.5 zamanzi anomhlwa kakhulu, kwaye nangona isantya sehla kancinci ukuya esiphelweni, asizange siyeke ukucoca. Le mveliso yeyona ikhethwayo kakhulu kuye nabani na oye wafumana izihluzi zamanzi ezivalekileyo kwezinye izihluzi zamanzi, kuquka iBrita Elite yethu ephezulu, okanye ofuna isisombululo samanzi empompini arhabaxa okanye angcolileyo. ILifeStraw ikwanazo neziqinisekiso ezine ze-ANSI/NSF (i-chlorine, incasa nevumba, i-lead, kunye ne-mercury) kwaye ivavanywe ngokuzimeleyo yilabhoratri eqinisekisiweyo ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokucoca i-ANSI/NSF.
Izinto zokucoca i-Dexsorb, ezivavanywe ngokwemigangatho ye-NSF/ANSI, zibamba ngokufanelekileyo uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezihlala zikhona zeekhemikhali (PFAS), kubandakanya i-PFOA kunye ne-PFOS.
Izihluzi zeCyclopure Purefast zisebenzisa iDexsorb, izinto ezifanayo ezisetyenziswa zizityalo ezithile zokucoca ukususa iikhemikhali ezihlala zihleli (PFAS) kwimithombo yamanzi kawonke-wonke. Isebenza nekettle kunye nedispenser yethu ecetyiswayo yaseBrita. Ilinganiswe ngeegaloni ezingama-65, izihluzi ngokukhawuleza kwiimvavanyo zethu, kwaye ayinciphisi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwexesha, nangona njengaso nasiphi na isihluzi esidityaniswe ngumxhuzulane, sinokuvaleka ukuba amanzi akho aneseyile eninzi. Isihluzi sikwafika kwimvulophu ehlawulelwe kwangaphambili; thumela isihluzi sakho esisetyenzisiweyo kwiCyclopure, kwaye inkampani iya kusiphinda isisebenzise ngendlela etshabalalisa nayiphi na iPFAS esibambayo ukuze singaphindi sivuze kwindalo esingqongileyo. IBrita ngokwayo ayicebisi izihluzi zomntu wesithathu, kodwa ngenxa yokuba zombini izihluzi zePurefast kunye nezinto zeDexsorb ziqinisekisiwe yi-NSF/ANSI ukunciphisa iPFAS, singazicetyisa ngokuzithemba. Qaphela ukuba ibamba kuphela iPFAS kunye nechlorine. Ukuba unezinye izinto ezikuxhalabisayo, khetha iBrita Elite;
Ndibe ndivavanya izihluzi zamanzi zeWirecutter ukusukela ngo-2016. Kule ngxelo, ndibe neengxoxo ezinde ne-NSF kunye ne-Water Quality Association, ii-arhente ezimbini ezinkulu zokuqinisekisa izihluzi zamanzi eMelika, ukuze ndiqonde iindlela zabo zokuvavanya. Ndidlan’ udliwanondlebe nabameli abavela kubavelisi abaninzi bezihluzi zamanzi ukuqinisekisa amabango abo. Ndisebenzise izihluzi zamanzi kunye neepitchers ezininzi kule minyaka idlulileyo kuba ukuqina kwayo iyonke, ukulula kunye neendleko zokugcinwa, kunye nokulula kokusetyenziswa kubalulekile kwinto esetyenziswa amaxesha amaninzi ngemini.
Owayesakuba yingcali yesayensi ye-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) uJohn Holecek uphande waza wabhala inguqulelo yangaphambili yale sikhokelo, wenza uvavanyo lwakhe, waza wayalela olunye uvavanyo oluzimeleyo.
Esi sikhokelo senzelwe abo bafuna isihluzo samanzi esifana nekettle (esiqokelela amanzi kwimpompo size siwagcine efrijini).
Ubuhle beketile yesihluzo kukuba kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Uyizalisa nje ngamanzi epompo uze ulinde isihluzo sisebenze. Ngokuqhelekileyo azibizi kakhulu: izihluzo ezitshintshayo (ezidla ngokufuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezimbini) zihlala zibiza ngaphantsi kwe-$15.
Zineengxaki ezimbalwa. Zisebenza kakuhle ekuthinteleni izinto ezingcolisayo ezimbalwa kunezinye izihluzi ezingaphantsi kwesinki okanye eziphantsi kwephampu kuba zixhomekeke kumxhuzulane kunoxinzelelo lwamanzi, nto leyo efuna isihluzi esinoxinano oluphantsi.
Ukusebenzisa amandla angaphantsi komhlaba kuthetha ukuba izihluzo zekettle ziyacotha: ukuzalisa amanzi avela kwidama eliphezulu kuthatha imizuzu emi-5 ukuya kweli-15 ukudlula kwisihluzo, kwaye kudla ngokuthatha ukuphinda kuzaliswe amanzi amaninzi ukuze kufunyanwe ijagi epheleleyo yamanzi acocekileyo.
Izihluzi zeekethi zihlala zivalekile yintlenga evela emanzini empompi okanye kwanamaqamza amancinci omoya akhiwa kwii-aerator zempompo aze avaleleke.
Ngenxa yezi zizathu, sicebisa ukuba ufake isihluzo phantsi kwesinki okanye kwimpompo ukuba iimeko ziyakuvumela.
E-United States, amanzi kawonke-wonke alawulwa yi-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) phantsi koMthetho waManzi okuNwa aKhuselekileyo, kwaye amanzi akhutshwa kwizityalo zonyango lwamanzi kawonke-wonke kufuneka ahlangabezane nemigangatho engqongqo yomgangatho. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke izinto ezingcolisayo ezilawulwayo.
Ukongeza, izinto ezingcolisayo zingangena emva kokuba amanzi ephume kwizityalo zonyango ngemibhobho evuzayo okanye (kwimeko yelothe) ngokuphuma kwimibhobho ngokwayo. Ukunyanga amanzi kwisityalo (okanye ukungaphumeleli ukwenza njalo) kunokwenza ukuvuza kwimibhobho esezantsi komlambo kube kubi ngakumbi, njengoko kwenzekile eFlint, eMichigan.
Ukuze ufumane ukuba umthengisi wakho ushiya ntoni ngasemva, ungayifumana i-EPA Confidence Report (CCR) eyimfuneko yomthengisi wakho wasekuhlaleni kwi-intanethi. Ngaphandle koko, bonke abathengisi bamanzi kawonke-wonke kufuneka banikezele nge-CCR xa beyicelile.
Kodwa ngenxa yokuba kukho ungcoliseko oluvela ezantsi komsinga, indlela ekuphela kwayo yokwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba yintoni ekwimanzi ekhayeni lakho kukuyivavanya. Ilebhu yakho yomgangatho wamanzi inokuyivavanya, okanye ungasebenzisa ikhithi yokuvavanya ekhaya. Siyijongile ezili-11 kwaye sachukumiseka yiTap Score yeSimpleLab, elula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye inika ingxelo epheleleyo necacileyo yokuba zeziphi izinto ezingcolisayo, ukuba zikhona, ezikwimanzi akho empompini.
Uvavanyo lomgangatho wamanzi oluphambili lweSimpleLab Tap Score lubonelela ngohlalutyo olupheleleyo lwamanzi akho okusela kunye neziphumo ezilula ukuzifunda.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba izihluzo zamanzi esizicebisayo zithembekile, sihlala sigxininisa ukuba ukhetho lwethu luhlangabezana nomgangatho wegolide: isiqinisekiso se-ANSI/NSF. I-American National Standards Institute (ANSI) kunye neNational Science Foundation (NSF) yimibutho yabucala, engenzi nzuzo esebenza ne-Environmental Protection Agency, abavelisi, kunye nezinye iingcali ukuphuhlisa imigangatho yomgangatho engqongqo yamawaka eemveliso, kubandakanya izihluzo zamanzi, kunye neenkqubo zovavanyo.
Izihluzi zihlangabezana nemigangatho yokuqinisekiswa kuphela emva kokudlula ixesha elilindelekileyo lokusebenza kwazo kwaye zisebenzisa iisampulu "zokuvavanya" ezingcoliseke kakhulu kunamanzi amaninzi epompo.
Kukho iilabhoratri ezimbini eziphambili eziqinisekisa izicoci zamanzi: enye yi-NSF Labs kwaye enye yi-Water Quality Association (WQA). Zombini ezi mibutho zivunyiwe ngokupheleleyo yi-ANSI kunye neKhansile yeMigangatho yaseKhanada eMntla Melika ukwenza uvavanyo lwesatifikethi se-ANSI/NSF.
Kodwa emva kweminyaka yengxoxo yangaphakathi, ngoku siyamkela ibango elibanzi elithi "livavanywe ngokwemigangatho ye-ANSI/NSF," elingaqinisekiswanga ngokusemthethweni, kodwa kufuneka lihlangabezane nemiqathango ethile engqongqo: okokuqala, uvavanyo lwenziwa yilebhu ezimeleyo engasebenziyo ngumenzi wezihluzi; okwesibini, ilebhu ngokwayo yi-ANSI okanye yamkelwe zezinye imibutho yesizwe okanye engekho phantsi kukarhulumente ukuba yenze uvavanyo oluqatha ngokwemigangatho emiselweyo; okwesithathu, ilebhu yovavanyo, iziphumo zayo, kunye neendlela zayo zipapashwa ngumenzi. Okwesine, umenzi unembali ende yokuvelisa izihluzi. Iirekhodi zibonakalise zikhuselekile, zithembekile, kwaye ziyinyani njengoko kuchaziwe.
Siphinde sanciphisa umda kwiifilitha eziqinisekisiweyo okanye ezilingana ubuncinane nemigangatho emibini ephambili ye-ANSI/NSF (iStandard 42 kunye neStandard 53, ezigubungela i-chlorine kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo "ezinobuhle", kunye neentsimbi ezinzima ezifana ne-lead kunye nee-organic compounds ezifana nee-pesticides). IStandard 401 entsha igubungela "izinto ezingcolisayo ezivelayo" ezifana namayeza akhoyo ngakumbi emanzini ase-US, kwaye sinikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwiifilitha ezinalo mahluko.
Siqale ngokukhangela izitya zokuhambisa amanzi ezidumileyo ezinomthamo weekomityi ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-11, kunye nezitya zokuhambisa amanzi ezinkulu ezilungele ngokukodwa amakhaya asebenzisa amanzi amaninzi. (Uninzi lweenkampani lukwabonelela ngezitya zokuhambisa amanzi ezincinci kubantu abangadingi sixhobo sokuhambisa amanzi esipheleleyo.)
Emva koko sithelekise iinkcukacha zoyilo (kubandakanya isitayile sesiphatho kunye nentuthuzelo), ukulula kokufakela kunye nokutshintshwa kwesihluzo, indawo ethathwa yimbiza kunye nesihluzi efrijini, kunye nomthamo wetanki yokuzalisa ephezulu xa kuthelekiswa nomlinganiselo wetanki "ehluziweyo" esezantsi (okukhona umlinganiselo uphezulu, kokukhona kungcono, kuba uza kufumana amanzi amaninzi ahluziweyo ngalo lonke ixesha usebenzisa itephu).
Ngowama-2016, senze uvavanyo oluninzi lwangaphakathi kwiifilitha ezininzi ukuze sithelekise iziphumo zethu neesatifikethi ze-ANSI/NSF kunye namabango omenzi. UJohn Holecek ulinganise izinga lokususwa kwekhlorine yesihluzo ngasinye kwilabhoratri yakhe. Kwiindlela zethu ezimbini zokuqala, sigunyazise ilebhu yovavanyo ezimeleyo ukuvavanya ukususwa kwelothe sisebenzisa izisombululo ezinamazinga aphezulu kakhulu ongcoliseko lwelothe kunokuba i-NSF ifuna kwiprotokholi yayo yokuqinisekisa.
Isigqibo sethu esiphambili kuvavanyo lwethu kukuba isiqinisekiso se-ANSI/NSF okanye isiqinisekiso esilinganayo siyindlela ethembekileyo yokulinganisa ukusebenza kwesihluzo. Oku akumangalisi xa ucinga ngendlela engqongqo ngayo imigangatho yesiqinisekiso. Ukususela ngoko, sithembele kwisiqinisekiso se-ANSI/NSF okanye isiqinisekiso esilinganayo ukumisela ukusebenza kwesihluzo esithile.
Uvavanyo lwethu olulandelayo lugxile ekusebenziseni izinto zokwenyani, kunye neempawu kunye neentsilelo ezibonakala kuphela emva kokusebenzisa ezi mveliso ixesha elide.
Le modeli ineziqinisekiso ze-ANSI/NSF ezingaphezu kwama-30, ngaphezu kwaso nasiphi na isihluzo esikudidi lwayo, kwaye yenzelwe ixesha lokutshintsha leenyanga ezintandathu. Kodwa njengazo zonke izihluzo, inokuvaleka.
Isihluzo samanzi seBrita Elite (esasibizwa ngokuba yiLonglast+) siqinisekiswe yi-ANSI/NSF ukususa izinto ezingcolileyo ezingaphezu kwama-30 (PDF), kuquka i-lead, i-mercury, i-microplastics, i-asbestos, kunye ne-PFAS ezimbini eziqhelekileyo: i-perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) kunye ne-perfluorinated octane sulfonic acid (PFOS). Oko kwenza ukuba sibe sisihluzo samanzi se-pitcher esiqinisekisiweyo kakhulu esisivavanyeyo, kwaye sisicebisa abo bafuna uxolo lwengqondo.
Iqinisekisiwe ukuba isusa ezinye izinto ezininzi ezingcolisayo eziqhelekileyo. Ezi zinto zingcolisayo ziquka i-chlorine (eyongezwa emanzini ukunciphisa iintsholongwane kunye nezinye izifo, eyona nto ibangela "incasa embi" emanzini epompo), iikhompawundi eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo ezinokonakalisa isibindi, kunye neentlobo "ezikhulayo" ngakumbi; iikhompawundi ezifana ne-bisphenol A (BPA), i-DEET (isibulali-zinambuzane esiqhelekileyo), kunye ne-estrone, uhlobo lwe-estrogen yokwenziwa, ziyafunyanwa.
Nangona uninzi lweepitchers zinezihluzo zamanzi ekufuneka zitshintshwe rhoqo ngeegaloni ezingama-40 okanye iinyanga ezimbini, isihluzo samanzi se-Elite sihlala iigaloni ezili-120 okanye iinyanga ezintandathu. Ngokwethiyori, oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka usebenzise izihluzo zamanzi ezimbini ze-Elite ngonyaka endaweni yezintandathu - oko kudala inkunkuma encinci kwaye kunciphisa iindleko zokutshintsha malunga nama-50%.
Kwisihluzo se-pitcher, sisebenza ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Kwiimvavanyo zethu, ukuzaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwesihluzo esitsha se-Elite kuthathe imizuzu emi-5-7 kuphela. Izihluzo ezifanayo esizivavanyileyo zithatha ixesha elide - ngokuqhelekileyo imizuzu eli-10 nangaphezulu.
Kodwa kukho ingxaki. Njengazo zonke izihluzi zepitcher, i-Elite idla ngokuvaleka, nto leyo enokucothisa okanye iyeke ukuhluza, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kuya kufuneka uyitshintshe rhoqo. Abasebenzisi abaninzi baye bakhalaza ngale ngxaki, kwaye kuvavanyo lwethu, i-Elite yaqala ukucotha ngaphambi kokuba ifikelele kumthamo wayo weegaloni ezili-120. Ukuba unengxaki ngenkunkuma emanzini akho empompini (idla ngokuba luphawu lwemibhobho erhabaxa), usenokuba uhlangabezana nento efanayo.
Kwaye usenokungazidingi zonke iindlela zokukhusela ze-Elite. Ukuba uqinisekile ukuba amanzi akho empompini asemgangathweni olungileyo (ungabona ngomvavanyi wasekhaya), sicebisa ukuba uphucule uye kwisihluzo se-kettle kunye nesihluzi samanzi esiqhelekileyo saseBrita. Ineziqinisekiso ze-ANSI/NSF ezintlanu kuphela (PDF), kubandakanya i-chlorine (kodwa hayi i-lead, izinto eziphilayo, okanye izinto ezingcolisayo eziphumayo), nto leyo incinci kakhulu kune-Elite. Kodwa sisihluzo esingabizi kakhulu, esingenamida esinokuphucula incasa yamanzi akho.
Kulula ukuyifaka xa ufaka isihluzo seBrita. Ekuqaleni, isihluzo sasibonakala singena kwindawo yaso ngokukhuselekileyo. Kodwa ngenene kufuneka sityhale ngakumbi ukuze singene ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba awusityhaleli phantsi, amanzi angacocwanga angavuza emacaleni esihluzo xa ugcwalisa ithangi eliphezulu, oko kuthetha ukuba amanzi akho “acociweyo” awayi kuphuma ngokwenene. Ezinye zezihluzo esizithengileyo kuvavanyo luka-2023 nazo kwakufuneka zibekwe ngendlela yokuba indawo ende kwelinye icala lesihluzo ityibilike phezu komqolo ohambelanayo kwezinye iimbiza zeBrita. (Ezinye iibhotile, kuquka nebhotile yethu yamanzi yemihla ngemihla eneekomityi ezili-10, azinazo ii-ridges, nto leyo ekuvumela ukuba ubeke isihluzo nangayiphi na indlela.)