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Emva kokuhlaziywa kwemveliso kunye notshintsho lwesatifikethi, asisacebisi izihluzi zePur. Sisaqhubeka nezinye iindlela.
Ukuba ufuna indlela elula yokufumana amanzi okusela ahluziweyo ekhaya, sicebisa iBrita Elite Filter edityaniswe neBrita Standard 10-cup pitcher okanye (ukuba ikhaya lakho lisebenzisa amanzi amaninzi) iBrita 27-cup pitcher. Isixhobo sokuhambisa amanzi iUltramax. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe nasiphi na kuzo, yazi ukuba emva kweminyaka ephantse ibe lishumi yophando malunga nokuhluzwa kwamanzi ekhaya, sikholelwa ukuba izihluzi ezingaphantsi kwesinki okanye ezingaphantsi kwefaucet zezona zilungileyo. Zihlala ixesha elide, zinika amanzi acocekileyo ngokukhawuleza, zinciphisa ungcoliseko, azinakwenzeka ukuba zivale, kwaye zithatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela ukuzifaka.
Le modeli ineziqinisekiso ze-ANSI/NSF ezingaphezu kwama-30—ngaphezu kwanoma yisiphi isihluzo esikudidi lwayo—kwaye yenzelwe ukuhlala iinyanga ezintandathu phakathi kokutshintshwa. Kodwa, njengazo zonke izihluzo, inokuvaleka.
I-Brita kettle ephawulekayo ichaza kakhulu udidi lwe-filter kettle kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa nokuyigcina icocekile kunezinye iimodeli ezininzi zaseBrita.
Isixhobo sokuhambisa amanzi saseBrita sigcina amanzi aneleyo ngosuku kusapho olukhulu, kwaye impompo yaso engavuziyo kulula ukuyisebenzisa ebantwaneni.
Izitya zokusasaza iLifeStraw ziye zangqineka zisusa uninzi lwezinto ezingcolisayo, kuquka nelothe, kwaye izihluzo zazo ziyakwazi ukumelana nokuvaleka ngaphezu kwaso nasiphi na esinye isihluzo esikhe savavanya.
Le modeli ineziqinisekiso ze-ANSI/NSF ezingaphezu kwama-30 (ngaphezu kwanoma yisiphi isihluzo esikudidi lwayo) kwaye yenzelwe ukuhlala iinyanga ezintandathu phakathi kokutshintshwa. Kodwa, njengazo zonke izihluzo, inokuvaleka.
Izihluzi zeBrita Elite zezona zihluzi zisebenza kakuhle eBrita kwaye ziqinisekisiwe yi-ANSI/NSF ukuba zihluze izinto ezingcolisayo ngaphezu kwezinye izihluzi ezidityaniswe nomxhuzulane esizivavanye, kuquka i-lead, i-mercury, i-cadmium, i-PFOA kunye ne-PFAS nezinye. Ukungcola okufumaneka ngakumbi emanzini empompi. Inobomi obuziigaloni ezili-120, okanye iinyanga ezintandathu, obuphindwe kathathu kunobomi obulinganisiweyo kwezinye izihluzi ezininzi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kunokwenza i-Elite ibe nexabiso eliphantsi lokuyisebenzisa kunesihluzi esiqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba kudlule iinyanga ezintandathu, inkunkuma emanzini inokuyivala. Ukuba uyazi ukuba amanzi akho empompi acocekile, kodwa ukuze nje uphucule incasa yawo, ingakumbi amanzi anongwe yi-chlorine, sebenzisa imbiza eqhelekileyo yeBrita. Isihluzi sesihluzi singabizi kakhulu kwaye asinakukwazi ukuvala, kodwa asiqinisekiswanga ukuba siqulathe i-lead okanye naziphi na iikhemikhali zoshishino.
I-Brita kettle ephawulekayo ichaza kakhulu udidi lwe-filter kettle kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa nokuyigcina icocekile kunezinye iimodeli ezininzi zaseBrita.
Phakathi kweebhotile zamanzi ezininzi zaseBrita, esizithandayo yiBrita Standard Everyday Water Bottle 10 Cup. Uyilo lwezikhonkwane lwenza ukucoca kube lula kunezinye iimbiza zaseBrita, kwaye isiciko sesandla esinye senza ukuzalisa kwakhona kube lula nangakumbi. Isiphatho saso esigobileyo esinomfanekiso we-C sikwakhululekile kunesiphatho esinomfanekiso we-D esifumaneka kwiibhotile ezininzi zaseBrita.
Isixhobo sokuhambisa amanzi saseBrita sigcina amanzi aneleyo ngosuku kusapho olukhulu, kwaye impompo yaso engavuziyo kulula ukuyisebenzisa ebantwaneni.
Isixhobo sokuhambisa amanzi saseBrita Ultramax siphatha malunga neekomityi ezingama-27 zamanzi (iikomityi ezili-18 kwidama lokucoca kunye nezinye iikomityi ezili-9 okanye ezili-10 kwidama eliphezulu). Uyilo lwaso oluncinci lugcina indawo efrijini, kwaye impompo ivala ngokuzenzekelayo emva kokugalela ukuthintela ukugcwala. Le yindlela elula yokuba namanzi abandayo ahluziweyo aneleyo.
Izitya zokusasaza iLifeStraw ziye zangqineka zisusa uninzi lwezinto ezingcolisayo, kuquka nelothe, kwaye izihluzo zazo ziyakwazi ukumelana nokuvaleka ngaphezu kwaso nasiphi na esinye isihluzo esikhe savavanya.
Sisebenzise iilitha eziyi-2.5 zamanzi angcoliswe ngumhlwa kakhulu ngesixhobo sokuhambisa amanzi ekhaya iLifeStraw, kwaye nangona amanzi ehle kancinci ukuya esiphelweni, ukuhluzwa akuzange kume. Olu lukhetho lwethu olucacileyo kuye nabani na onamava okuxinana kwezinye izihluzi zamanzi (kuquka iBrita Elite yethu ekhethiweyo) okanye ofuna isisombululo samanzi okumpompa esaziwa ngokuba nomhlwa okanye esine-sediment. ILifeStraw ikwanazo neziqinisekiso ezine ze-ANSI/NSF (i-chlorine, incasa nevumba, i-lead kunye ne-mercury) kwaye ivavanywe ngokuzimeleyo ziilabhoratri eziqinisekisiweyo ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho emininzi eyongezelelweyo yokucoca ukungcola ye-ANSI/NSF.
Ndisoloko ndivavanya izihluzo zamanzi zeWirecutter ukusukela ngo-2016. Kwingxelo yam, ndithethe ixesha elide ne-NSF kunye ne-Water Quality Institute, imibutho emibini emikhulu yokuqinisekisa izihluzo eMelika, ukuze ndiqonde indlela oluqhutywa ngayo uvavanyo lwabo. Ndidlan’ udliwanondlebe nabameli abavela kubavelisi abaninzi bezihluzo zamanzi ukuze ndiphikisane namabango abo. Ndisebenzise izihluzo kunye neepitcher ezininzi kule minyaka idlulileyo kuba ukuqina ngokubanzi, ukulula kunye neendleko zokugcinwa, kunye nobuhlobo bomsebenzisi konke oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwinto oyisebenzisayo amaxesha amaninzi ngemini.
Owayesakuba yingcali ye-NOAA uJohn Holecek uphande waza wabhala inguqulelo yangaphambili yesi sikhokelo, wenza uvavanyo lwakhe, waza wayalela olunye uvavanyo oluzimeleyo.
Esi sikhokelo senzelwe abo bafuna isihluzo samanzi esifana ne-pitcher esizalisa amanzi empompini yabo size siwagcine efrijini.
Inzuzo yesihluzo sepitcher kukuba kulula ukusisebenzisa. Okufuneka ukwenze kukuzizalisa ngempompo uze ulinde isihluzo sisebenze. Zikwabiza kancinci ukuzithenga, kwaye izihluzo ezitshintshayo (ezidla ngokufuneka rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezimbini) zihlala zibiza ngaphantsi kwe-$15.
Zineengxaki ezininzi. Zinokususa ngokufanelekileyo uluhlu oluncinci kakhulu lwezinto ezingcolisayo kunezinye izihluzi ezingaphantsi kwesinki okanye ezingaphantsi kwephampu kuba zixhomekeke kumxhuzulane kunoxinzelelo lwamanzi, zifuna isihluzi esincinci.
Ukuthembela kwabo kumxhuzulane kuthetha ukuba izihluzo zeepitcher ziyacotha: ukuzaliswa kube kanye kwamanzi avela kwidama eliphezulu kungathatha imizuzu emi-5 ukuya kweli-15 ukudlula kwisihluzo, kwaye kudla ngokufuna ukongeza amanzi amaninzi ukuze kufumaneke i-pitcher epheleleyo yamanzi acocekileyo.
Izihluzi zeepitcher zihlala zivalekile ngenxa yenkunkuma emanzini epompo okanye kwanamaqamza amancinci omoya avela kwiimpompo zomoya.
Ngenxa yezi zizathu, sicebisa ukuba kufakwe isihluzo phantsi kwesinki okanye kwimpompo ukuba iimeko ziyasifuna.
E-United States, unikezelo lwamanzi kawonke-wonke lulawulwa yi-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) phantsi koMthetho waManzi okuNwa aKhuselekileyo, kwaye amanzi aphuma kwiindawo zokunyanga amanzi kawonke-wonke kufuneka ahlangabezane nemigangatho engqongqo yomgangatho. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke izinto ezingcolisayo ezilawulwayo.
Ukongeza, izinto ezingcolisayo zingangena emva kokuba amanzi ephume kwisityalo sokunyanga ngemibhobho evuzayo okanye (kwimeko yelothe) ngokuphuma kwimibhobho ngokwayo. Unyango lwamanzi olwenziwe okanye olungananzwanga kwisityalo lunokwenza kube mandundu nangakumbi ukuphuma kwimibhobho esezantsi, njengoko kwenzekile eFlint, eMichigan.
Ukuze ufumane kanye kanye ukuba yintoni na emanzini omthengisi wakho, unokukhangela kwi-intanethi iNgxelo yokuQiniseka kwaBathengi (i-CCR) yomthengisi wakho wasekuhlaleni evunyiweyo yi-EPA. Ngaphandle koko, bonke abathengisi bamanzi kawonke-wonke kufuneka bakunike ii-CCR zabo xa becela.
Kodwa ngenxa yongcoliseko olunokubakho oluvela ngezantsi, indlela ekuphela kwayo yokufumanisa ukuba yintoni ekwimanzi ekhayeni lakho kukuvavanya. Ilebhu yakho yomgangatho wamanzi ingakwenza oku, okanye ungasebenzisa ikhithi yokuvavanya ekhaya. Sijonge ezili-11 kuzo kwisikhokelo sethu kwaye sichukumisekile yiSimpleLab's Tap Score, elula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye inika ingxelo eneenkcukacha, ebhaliweyo ngokucacileyo yokuba zeziphi izinto ezingcolisayo ezikwimanzi akho empompini.
Uvavanyo lwamanzi lukamasipala oluphambili lweSimpleLab Tap Score lubonelela ngohlalutyo olupheleleyo lwamanzi akho okusela kwaye lubonelela ngeziphumo ezilula ukuzifunda.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba sicebisa kuphela izihluzi onokuzithemba, kudala sigxininisa ukuba ukhetho lwethu luhlangabezana nomgangatho wegolide: isiqinisekiso se-ANSI/NSF. I-American National Standards Institute (ANSI) kunye neNational Science Foundation (NSF) yimibutho yabucala, engenzi nzuzo esebenza ne-Environmental Protection Agency, abavelisi kunye nezinye iingcali ukuphuhlisa imigangatho yomgangatho oqinileyo kunye nokuvavanya amawaka eemveliso, kubandakanya neenkqubo zamanzi.
Kuphela emva kokusebenzisa iisampulu "zovavanyo" ezazingcoliseke kakhulu kunamanzi amaninzi empompini apho izihluzi zakwazi ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho edlula kakhulu ixesha ebezilindelwe.
Iilabhoratri ezimbini eziphambili zokuqinisekisa isihluzo samanzi yi-NSF ngokwayo kunye ne-Water Quality Association (WQA). Zombini zivunyiwe ngokupheleleyo yi-ANSI kunye neKhansile yeMigangatho yaseKhanada eMntla Melika kwaye zingenza uvavanyo lwesatifikethi se-ANSI/NSF.
Kodwa emva kweminyaka yengxoxo yangaphakathi, ngoku siyamkela ulwimi olukhululekileyo oluthi “luvavanywe ngokwemigangatho ye-ANSI/NSF” endaweni yokuqinisekiswa ngokusesikweni, phantsi kwemiqathango embalwa engqongqo: Okokuqala, uvavanyo lwenziwa yilabhoratri ezimeleyo, kungekhona yilabhoratri ezimeleyo. Umenzi wezihluzi; Okwesibini, ilebhu ngokwayo ivunyiwe yi-ANSI okanye ezinye iiarhente zelizwe okanye ezingezizo zikarhulumente ukuba zenze uvavanyo oluqatha ngokwemigangatho ethile; Okwesithathu, ilebhu yovavanyo, iziphumo kunye neendlela zayo zityhilwa ngumenzi; Okwesine, uMenzi unamava amaninzi ekudaleni izihluzi ezibonakalise ukhuseleko lwazo, ukuthembeka kwazo kwaye zichazwe ngokunyaniseka.
Siphinde sayinciphisa ukuya kwiifilitha eziqinisekisiweyo okanye ezilingana ubuncinane nemigangatho emibini ephambili ye-ANSI/NSF (Standard 42 kunye neStandard 53) (egubungela i-chlorine kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo "ezinobuhle" kunye neentsimbi ezinzima ezifana ne-lead, ngokulandelanayo), kunye nezibulali-zinambuzane. kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo). Umgangatho omtsha we-401 ugubungela "izinto ezingcolisayo ezivelayo," ezifana namayeza, ezifumaneka ngakumbi emanzini e-United States, yiyo loo nto sigxile kwiifilitha.
Saqala ukukhangela iikettles ezidumileyo ezinomthamo weekomityi ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-11 kunye nezikhuphi zamanzi ezinkulu, eziluncedo kakhulu kumakhaya asebenzisa amanzi amaninzi. (Uninzi lweenkampani lukwabonelela ngeepitchers ezincinci kwabo bangafuni modeli ipheleleyo.)
Emva koko sithelekise iinkcukacha zoyilo (kubandakanya isitayile sesiphatho kunye nentuthuzelo), ukulula kokufakela nokutshintsha isihluzo, indawo ethathwa yimbiza kunye nesihluzi efrijini, kunye nomlinganiselo womthamo wedama lokugcwalisa elingaphezulu kwidama “lesihluzo” elisezantsi. (Okukhona umlinganiselo uphezulu, kokukhona kungcono, kuba uza kufumana amanzi amaninzi ahluziweyo ngalo lonke ixesha usebenzisa ipompo.)
Senze uvavanyo oluninzi kwiifilitha ezininzi ngo-2016, sithelekisa iziphumo zethu neesatifikethi ze-ANSI/NSF kunye namabango omenzi. Kwilabhoratri yakhe, uJohn Holecek ulinganise izinga apho isihluzo ngasinye sisusa khona i-chlorine. Kwiindlela zethu ezimbini zokuqala, senze isivumelwano sokuvavanya ngokuzimeleyo ukususa i-lead sisebenzisa izisombululo zongcoliseko lwe-lead ezingaphezulu kakhulu kunezo zifunwa yi-NSF kwisivumelwano sayo sokuqinisekisa.
Into esiyifundayo kuvavanyo lwethu kukuba isiqinisekiso se-ANSI/NSF okanye isiqinisekiso esilinganayo sisalathisi esithembekileyo sokusebenza kwesihluzo. Oku akumangalisi xa ucinga ngendlela engqongqo ngayo imigangatho yesiqinisekiso. Ukususela ngoko, sithembele kwisiqinisekiso se-ANSI/NSF okanye isiqinisekiso esilinganayo ukumisela ukusebenza kwesihluzo esithile.
Uvavanyo lwethu olulandelayo lugxile ekusebenziseni izinto zokwenyani, kunye neempawu ezisebenzayo kunye neentsilelo ezibonakala kuphela xa uqala ukusebenzisa ezi mveliso ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Le modeli ineziqinisekiso ze-ANSI/NSF ezingaphezu kwama-30—ngaphezu kwanoma yisiphi isihluzo esikudidi lwayo—kwaye yenzelwe ukuhlala iinyanga ezintandathu phakathi kokutshintshwa. Kodwa, njengazo zonke izihluzo, inokuvaleka.
Izihluzi zeBrita Elite (ezazikade zibizwa ngokuba yiLonglast+) ziqinisekiswe yi-ANSI/NSF ukuba zichonge izinto ezingaphezulu kwama-30 ezingcolisayo (PDF), kuquka i-lead, i-mercury, i-microplastics, i-asbestos, kunye ne-PFAS ezimbini eziqhelekileyo: i-perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) kunye ne-perfluorinated octane sulfonic acid (PFOS). Oku kwenza ukuba ibe sesona sihluzi se-pitcher esiqinisekisiweyo kakhulu esisivavanyeyo, kwaye sisicebisa abo bafuna uxolo lwengqondo.
Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba isusa amanye amabala amaninzi aqhelekileyo. Oku kuquka i-chlorine (eyongezwa emanzini ukunciphisa iintsholongwane kunye nezinye izifo kwaye yeyona nto iphambili ebangela "incasa embi" emanzini empompini); i-carbon tetrachloride, i-compound eguquguqukayo eyonakalisa isibindi; inokufumaneka ngakumbi emanzini empompini. "Ii-compounds ezintsha" zafunyanwa, kuquka i-bisphenol A (BPA), i-DEET (isibulali-zinambuzane esiqhelekileyo) kunye ne-estrone (uhlobo lwe-estrogen oluyilwe).
Nangona uninzi lwee-pitcher filters zinomjikelo wokutshintsha rhoqo ngee-40 gallons okanye iinyanga ezimbini, i-Elite inomjikelo wokutshintsha wee-120 gallons okanye iinyanga ezintandathu. Ngokwethiyori, oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka usebenzise ii-Elite filters ezimbini kuphela ngonyaka endaweni yezintandathu, nto leyo ebangela inkunkuma encinci kwaye inciphise iindleko zokugcwalisa kwakhona malunga ne-50%.
Kwisihluzo se-pitcher, sisebenza ngokukhawuleza. Kwiimvavanyo zethu, isihluzo esitsha se-Elite sithathe imizuzu emihlanu ukuya kwesixhenxe ukuzalisa. Izihluzo ezifanayo esizivavanyeyo zithathe ixesha elide—ngokuqhelekileyo imizuzu eli-10 nangaphezulu.
Kodwa kukho isilumkiso. Njengazo zonke izihluzi zepitcher, i-Elite iyavaleka lula, nto leyo enokunciphisa izinga lokuhluza okanye iyeke ukuhluza ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kuya kufuneka uyitshintshe rhoqo. Abanini abaninzi baye bakhalaza ngale ngxaki, kwaye ngexesha lovavanyo lwethu, i-Elite yaqala ukucotha ngaphambi kokuba ifikelele kumthamo wayo weegaloni ezili-120. Ukuba unengxaki eyaziwayo ngenkunkuma emanzini akho empompini (idla ngokuba luphawu lwemibhobho erhabaxa), amava akho aya kuba njalo.
Kwaye usenokungadingi lonke ukhuseleko lwabantu abaphezulu. Ukuba uyazi ukuba amanzi akho empompini asemgangathweni olungileyo (oku kungafunyanwa kusetyenziswa isixhobo sokuvavanya amanzi ekhaya), sicebisa ukuba usebenzise i-Brita Standard water dispenser base pitcher kunye nesihluzo. Ineziqinisekiso ze-ANSI/NSF ezintlanu kuphela (PDF), kuquka i-chlorine (kodwa hayi i-lead, izinto eziphilayo, okanye izinto ezintsha ezingcolisayo), eneziqinisekiso ezimbalwa kakhulu kune-Elite. Kodwa sisihluzo esingabizi kakhulu, esingenazithintelo ezininzi esinokuphucula incasa yamanzi akho.
Kulula ukwenza iimpazamo xa ufaka isihluzo seBrita. Ekuqaleni isihluzo sikhona kwaye sibonakala siqinile. Kodwa eneneni kuthatha umgudu ongakumbi ukusigcina sikwindawo yaso ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba awucinezeli ngokwaneleyo, amanzi angacocwanga angavuza emacaleni esihluzo xa ugcwalisa ithangi eliphezulu, oko kuthetha ukuba amanzi akho “acociweyo” awavuzi ngokwenene. Ezinye zezihluzo esizithengileyo kuvavanyo luka-2023 nazo kwakufuneka zibekwe ngendlela yokuba indawo ende kwelinye icala lesihluzo ityibilike phezu kwethebhu ehambelanayo kwezinye izihluzo zeBrita. (Ezinye izihluzo, kuquka iStandard 10-Cup Everyday Pitcher esiyithandayo, azinalebheli kwaye zikuvumela ukuba uqondise isihluzo kukhetho lwakho.)
I-Brita kettle ephawulekayo ichaza kakhulu udidi lwe-filter kettle kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa nokuyigcina icocekile kunezinye iimodeli ezininzi zaseBrita.
Ibhotile yamanzi yemihla ngemihla yeBrita enekomityi ezili-10 (ingakumbi inguqulelo eneSmartLight Replacement Indicator kunye neElite Filter) ixhaphake kakhulu kangangokuba mhlawumbi yiloo nto uninzi lwethu luyicingayo xa sicinga ngeebhotile zamanzi ezihluziweyo. Ikwayeyona siyithandayo kwiimbiza ezininzi zeBrita, ikakhulu kuba yeyona kulula ukuyiqhekeza xa uyicoca kwaye akukho zimbobo apho ukungcola kunokuqokelelwa khona. Ukujika kwesithupha kukhulula esinye isandla ukuze kusebenze ipompo xa wongeza amanzi. ISmartLight yayo ilinganisa ngokuthe ngqo ukuhamba kwamanzi kwaye ikwazise xa lixesha lokutshintsha isihluzo. Kwaye isiphatho esilula esimile okwe-C sesona sakhiwo sikhululekileyo seBrita.
I-Standard Everyday yivenkile ekhethekileyo eAmazon; iBrita ithengisa iibhotile zamanzi ezifanayo zeTahoe eWalmart, eTarget nakwezinye iivenkile. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zimbini sisiphatho sikaTahoe esimile okwe-D, esifumene kunzima ukusibamba.
Nangona i-Everyday kettle ibhengezwa njengomzekelo weekomityi ezili-10, ithwala malunga neekomityi ezili-11.5, ezaneleyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemihla ngemihla zosapho oluncinci. Xa igcwele, inobunzima obungaphezulu nje kweekhilogram ezi-7, nto leyo ebeka uxinzelelo ezihlahleni zakho; I-Brita Space Saver encinci enekomityi ezi-6 inobunzima obumalunga neekhilogram ezi-4.5 xa igcwele, kodwa iza ne-Brita pitcher kunye ne-dispenser filter eqhelekileyo, ngoko kuya kufuneka uthenge i-Elite Filter ngokwahlukeneyo.