Xa sacela uOcean ukuba acebise imbiza yokuhluza amanzi, sancama, ngoko nazi iindlela esazijonga ngokusondeleyo.
Sinokufumana ingeniso kwiimveliso ezifumaneka kweli phepha kwaye sithathe inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zobudlelwane. Fumana okungakumbi >
Ukuhlala unamanzi emzimbeni kubonakala kungumngeni oqhubekayo—ubuncinane xa sijonga ukuthandwa kweebhotile zamanzi ezinobukhulu beegaloni kunye neebhotile ezichaza ukuba kufuneka usele ii-ounces ezingaphi ngexesha elithile—kwaye imbiza yamanzi ehluziweyo inokukunceda uhlale usempilweni. Ukufikelela kwiinjongo zakho zamanzi zemihla ngemihla kungenziwa ngokulula nangokunoqoqosho ngokukhetha iimbiza zamanzi ezihluziweyo endaweni yeebhotile ezilahlwayo. Ngokuyintloko, iimbiza zezihluzo zamanzi ziphucula incasa kunye nevumba lamanzi akho empompini. Ezinye iimodeli zinokunciphisa ukungcola okufana neentsimbi ezinzima, iikhemikhali okanye iiplastiki ezincinci. Nokuba usela amanzi ngokwakho, uzalisa umatshini wekofu, okanye ulungiselela ukupheka, sihlolisise iindlela ezininzi zokufumana imbiza yezihluzo zamanzi efanelekileyo kuwe.
Amanzi avela kwizityalo zokucoca amanzi zikawonke-wonke eMelika athathwa njengenye yezona zikhuselekileyo emhlabeni, kodwa ngaphandle kwelothe eFlint, eMichigan, ukunikezelwa kwamanzi kunokubangela abantu baxhalabe. Siziingcali kwiimbiza zokucoca amanzi ezivelisa amanzi ahlaziyayo nacocekileyo. Itekhnoloji esisiseko yezihluzo ezininzi iyafana, nangona ezinye zinciphisa okanye zisusa ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo kwaye ezinye zenzelwe ukugcina iiminerali ezilungileyo kuwe. Sikwagxininisa ukuba imveliso iyahlangabezana okanye iqinisekisiwe kwimigangatho ebekwe yiNational Science Foundation/National Standards Institute kunye neWater Quality Association, abahloli beqela lesithathu abazimeleyo.
Uninzi lweembiza zokucoca amanzi zinoyilo olufanayo: ithangi eliphezulu nelisezantsi elinesihluzo phakathi. Galela amanzi empompini kwicandelo eliphezulu uze ulinde amandla adonsela phantsi kwesihluzo ukuya kwicandelo elisezantsi. Kodwa kukho ezinye iindlela ezininzi, njengokufumanisa ukuba usapho lwakho lusebenzisa amanzi angakanani na kunye nendawo engakanani efrijini yakho. Ngaphandle kwexabiso lembiza, kufuneka uqwalasele ixabiso lezihluzo kunye nenani leegaloni abanokuzicoca ngaphambi kokuba bazitshintshe (kuba abanye bethu banomdla kakhulu wokuzalisa rhoqo iibhotile zethu zamanzi).
IBrita Large Water Filter Pitcher yeyona pitcher yethu ilungileyo yokuhluza amanzi kuba inomthamo omkhulu weekomityi ezili-10, ifikeleleka ngexabiso eliphantsi, kwaye inesihluzo esihlala ixesha elide. Isiciko sejagi esinamaphiko, esaziwa ngokuba yiTahoe, sikuvumela ukuba uyizalise ngokukhawuleza kuneemodeli ezifuna ukuba ususe yonke into engaphezulu. Ikwanaso nesibane esibonisa ukuba isihluzo silungile, siyasebenza, okanye kufuneka sitshintshwe.
Sicebisa i-Elite Retrofit Filter, eqinisekisiweyo ukunciphisa i-lead, i-mercury, i-BPA, kunye nezinye izibulali-zinambuzane kunye neekhemikhali ezihlala zihleli. Ibamba izinto ezingcolisayo ezingaphezulu kune-white filter eqhelekileyo kwaye ihlala iinyanga ezintandathu—iphindwe kathathu. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abathengi baqaphela ukuba emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa i-filter inokuvaleka, inciphise ubomi bayo. Ukuba awudingi ukutshintsha nantoni na kungekudala, ixabiso lonyaka le-filters liya kuba malunga ne-$35.
Abantu abaninzi bayayazi iLifeStraw ngezihluzo zayo zamanzi ezisindisa ubomi kunye nezihluzo zokukhempisha, kodwa inkampani ikwayila iimveliso ezintle nezisebenzayo zekhaya lakho. ILifeStraw Home Water Filtration Pitcher ithengiswa malunga ne-$65 kwaye ifumaneka ngemibala eyahlukeneyo kwimbiza yeglasi ejikelezileyo yanamhlanje enokuba nomtsalane kubantu abazama ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki emakhayeni abo. Ibhokisi yesilicone efanayo imnandi xa uyichukumisa, ikhusela ekukrweleni nasekuqhekekeni, kwaye inika ukubamba okukhululekileyo.
Esi sihluzo sisixhobo esinamacandelo amabini esinokuphatha izinto ezingcolileyo ezingaphezu kwama-30 ezinye iitanki zamanzi ezininzi ezingenako ukuziphatha. Siqinisekiswe yi-NSF/ANSI ukunciphisa i-chlorine, i-mercury kunye ne-lead. Sikwahlangabezana nemigangatho emininzi eyahlukeneyo evavanyiweyo ziilabhoratri ezivunyiweyo zezibulali-zinambuzane, izibulali-zinambuzane kunye neekhemikhali ezithile ezihlala zihleli, kwaye sinokucoca amanzi afumileyo ngesanti, uthuli okanye olunye uthuli. Le nkampani ithi ungasisebenzisa esi sihluzo ngexesha lengcebiso yamanzi abilayo, kodwa ukuba oko kwenzeka kwindawo endihlala kuyo, bendiya kuqhubeka ndiwabilisa amanzi.
Inzuzo yesihluzo esineziqwenga ezibini kukuba iLifeStraw Home inokususa ungcoliseko oluninzi. Ingxaki kukuba inxalenye nganye kufuneka itshintshwe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. I-membrane ihlala malunga nonyaka omnye, kwaye izihluzo ezincinci ze-carbon kunye ne-ion kufuneka zitshintshwe rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezimbini (okanye malunga neegaloni ezingama-40). Ixabiso ngonyaka limalunga ne-$75, eliphezulu kunezinye ii-pitchers ezikolu luhlu. Abasebenzisi baqaphele nokuba ukucoca kuhamba kancinci, ngoko ke kungcono ukuzalisa isikhongozeli ngaphambi kokusibuyisela efrijini. (Oku kuhloniphekile kwabanye ii-pitchers, ngendlela.)
Isihluzo samanzi seHydros Slim Pitch esingama-ounces angama-40 siyayiphepha inkqubo yokucoca iitanki ezimbini ukuze sisebenzise isantya. Esi sihluzo sincinci kodwa sinamandla sisebenzisa isihluzo sekhabhoni seqokobhe lekhokhonathi ukususa i-90% ye-chlorine kunye ne-99% yenkunkuma. Asijolisi kwezinye izinto ezingcolisayo. Esi sihluzo sokugcina iikomityi ezintlanu asinazo izibambo, kodwa kulula ukusibamba nokusigcwalisa, nto leyo eyenza ukuba sibe lolona khetho luphezulu kwiimbiza ezincinci.
Usapho olunabantwana abancinci olufuna ukuthulula iziselo zalo lunokucinga ukuba ukungabikho kwesiphatho yinto embi, kodwa ingena lula emnyango wefriji ngaphandle kokuthatha indawo yonke. I-Hydro Slim Pitcher ikwanebhokisi enemibala kwaye isihluzo sifumaneka ngemibala eyahlukeneyo efana nomfusa, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nobomvu, nto leyo esinika loo nto yobuqu. Isihluzo sinokuxhotyiswa ngesixhobo sokujova amanzi ukuze songeze ivumba leziqhamo okanye lezityalo.
Izihluzi zeHydros kufuneka zitshintshwe rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezimbini, nto leyo eza kukubiza malunga ne-$30 ngonyaka. Zikwanokutshintshwa nezinye iimveliso zeHydros.
Isihluzo seBrita esine-high flow senzelwe abo bangathandiyo ukulinda. Konke kukwigama: xa ugalela amanzi, adlula kwisihluzo sekhabhoni esisebenzayo esifakwe kwi-spout. Nabani na owakha wazama ukugcwalisa ibhotile yamanzi yegaloni uyazi ukuba yinkqubo enamanyathelo amaninzi kwijagi eqhelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukugcwalisa itanki yamanzi ubuncinane kube kanye uze ulinde ukuba idlule kwisihluzo. Kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela, kodwa uyazi intetho ethi: amanzi akaze ahluzwe. IBrita Stream iyayisusa inkqubo yokulinda.
Ingxaki kukuba ayisiyonto inamandla yokucoca. Iqinisekisiwe ukuba isusa incasa kunye nevumba le-chlorine ngelixa igcina i-fluoride, iiminerali kunye nee-electrolytes. Esi sisihluzo sesiponji, ngokungafaniyo neentlobo zezindlu zeplastiki eziqhelekileyo kwezinye iimveliso zaseBrita. Izihluzo kufuneka zitshintshwe rhoqo ngeegaloni ezingama-40, kwaye ngepakethi ephindaphindiweyo, ukubonelela ngonyaka kuxabisa malunga ne-$38.
Ixabiso layo liyi-$150, i-Aarke purifier ibiza kakhulu, kodwa yenziwe ngezinto ezisemgangathweni ophezulu nezicocekileyo ezifana neglasi kunye nentsimbi engagqwaliyo kwaye iza nesihluzo esinokusetyenziswa kwakhona. Mhlawumbi olu lolona khetho lunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kolu luhlu kuba alusebenzisi izihluzo zeplastiki eziphelela enkunkuma emva kokusetyenziswa. Endaweni yoko, le nkqubo isebenzisa amasuntswana esihluzo aphuhliswe yi-Aarke ngentsebenziswano nenkampani yetekhnoloji yamanzi i-BWT.
Ezi granules zinciphisa i-chlorine, iintsimbi ezinzima kunye ne-limescale, zinceda ukuthintela amabala kwizitya zakho. Ezi pellet zihlala malunga neegaloni ezingama-32 ngaphambi kokuba zifune ukutshintshwa. Le nkampani inikezela ngeentlobo ezimbini zeepellets: iipellets ezimsulwa kunye neepellets ezixineneyo, ezongeza i-magnesium kwaye zenze amanzi empompini abe yi-alkaline. Amaxabiso aqala kwi-$20 ukuya kwi-$30 kwipakethi emithathu.
Imbiza yeLARQ PureVis inento eyahlukileyo: imbiza isebenzisa inkqubo enamanyathelo amabini ukucoca amanzi nokuthintela ukukhula kweebhaktheriya. Amanzi aqala angene kwisihluzo sezityalo seNanoZero ukususa i-chlorine, i-mercury, i-cadmium kunye ne-copper. Emva koko "i-UV wand" yembiza ikhupha ukukhanya ukulwa neebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane emanzini.
I-LARQ ikwafuneka itshajwe rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezimbini kusetyenziswa itshaja ye-USB-A efakiweyo. Yonke le khithi iza ne-app ye-iOS kuphela ekunceda ukuba ulandelele ixesha lokutshintsha izihluzi kunye nokuba usebenzisa amanzi angakanani. Le bhotile yamanzi enezixhobo iza kubiza malunga ne-$170, kodwa inokuba nomtsalane kubantu abaqhelene nezixhobo ezikrelekrele kwaye balandelela imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yobuqu (yiyo loo nto inkampani yenza ibhotile yethu yamanzi ekrelekrele esiyithandayo). I-LARQ inikezela ngamanqanaba amabini ezihluzi, kwaye nangona zihlala ixesha elide kunezinye izihluzi ezikolu luhlu, ukubonelela konyaka kuya kukuhlawulisa i-$100 kwisihluzi sokuqala okanye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-$150 kwinguqulelo yeprimiyamu.
Imizi emikhulu okanye abantu ekufuneka basele igaloni yamanzi ngosuku banokufuna i-PUR PLUS 30-Cup Water Filter. Esi sitshizi esikhulu sinoyilo oluncinci nolunzulu kunye ne-spout evaliweyo kwaye sithengiswa malunga ne-$70. Izihluzi ze-PUR PLUS ziqinisekisiwe ukunciphisa ezinye izinto ezingama-70 ezingcolisayo, kubandakanya i-lead, i-mercury kunye nezinye izibulali-zinambuzane. Zenziwe nge-activated carbon ezivela kwiigobolondo zekhokhonathi. Zine-mineral core ethatha indawo yezinye izimbiwa zendalo ezifana ne-calcium kunye ne-magnesium ukuze zinike incasa entsha ngaphandle kwencasa okanye ivumba le-chlorine. Kodwa zihlala iigaloni ezingama-40 okanye iinyanga ezimbini kuphela. Umthamo wonyaka xa uthenga iipakethe ezininzi uhlala umalunga ne-$50.
Inani lamanzi omele uwasele lixabiso lomntu, hayi iiglasi ezisibhozo zamanzi esizivayo xa sasikhula. Ukuba namanzi acocekileyo kuya kukunceda ufezekise iinjongo zakho zokufumana amanzi acocekileyo. Iimbiza zokucoca amanzi zihlala zibiza kancinci kwaye zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kunokugcina amanzi asetyenziswa kanye ebhotileni. Ukuze ukhethe imbiza efanelekileyo kuwe, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uziqwalasele.
Iplastiki yinto eqhelekileyo kwiimbiza ezininzi kwaye yinto ephambili kwiifilitha ezininzi. Nangona kunokuba nzima ukufumana iimveliso ezingenaplastiki kwaphela, kukho iindlela onokukhetha kuzo. Ezinye zibonelela ngezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifana neglasi, intsimbi engatyiwayo okanye iindawo zesilicone ezikumgangatho wokutya. Jonga iingcebiso zomenzi ukuze ubone ukuba ufuna ukuhlamba izixhobo ngesandla okanye ukuzibeka kwisitya sokuhlamba izitya. Ukuthandwa kweembiza zokucoca amanzi kukwabone abavelisi abaninzi benika ingqalelo kubuhle, ngoko ke akuyi kuba nzima ukufumana ukhetho olunomtsalane oya kukuvuyela ukulushiya kwikhawuntara yakho.
Izihluzi zahlukile ngexabiso, uyilo kunye noko zikunciphisayo okanye zikususayo. Uninzi lwezihluzi kolu phononongo yi-activated carbon, efunxa i-chlorine kwaye inciphise i-asbestos, i-lead, i-mercury kunye nee-volatile organic compounds. Ukuba unemibuzo ethile, efana nokususwa kweekhemikhali ezithile okanye iintsimbi ezinzima, ndwendwela iwebhusayithi yomenzi ukuze ufumane idatha yokusebenza.
Asingolebhu, ngoko ke sikhetha iimveliso eziqinisekiswe yi-NSF International okanye yi-Water Quality Association. Nangona kunjalo, sidwelisa iimveliso "ezihlangabezana" nemigangatho yovavanyo lwelebhu ezimeleyo.
Cinga ngobungakanani bamanzi aselwayo lusapho lwakho kunye nokuba zingaphi iigaloni zesihluzo ezinokubamba ngaphambi kokuba sifune ukutshintshwa. Isihluzo kufuneka sitshintshwe ukuze itanki iqhubeke isebenza. Ezinye zicubungula iigaloni ezingama-40 kuphela, ngoko ke izindlu ezomileyo okanye ezinkulu zinokufuna ukutshintshwa kwesihluzo kungekudala kuneenyanga ezimbini. Isihluzo esenzelwe ukuhlala ixesha elide sinokuba lolona khetho lungcono. Kwaye ungalibali ukubala ukuba kuya kukubiza malini ukusitshintsha ekuhambeni konyaka.
Iimbiza zokucoca amanzi zilungele abo bafuna ukuphucula incasa yamanzi abo empompini—zonke iimbiza ezikolu luhlu zinokwenza loo nto kanye. Ezinye iimbiza zokucoca amanzi zinokususa ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo kunye nezinto ezingcolisayo, ezinye zazo ezingakalawulwa, ezifana neekhemikhali ezihlala zihleli. (I-FYI, i-EPA ipapashe imithetho ecetywayo ye-PFA ngoMatshi.) Ukuba unomdla kumgangatho wamanzi, ungajonga ingxelo yonyaka yomgangatho wamanzi kwiwebhusayithi ye-EPA, isiseko sedatha seQela eliSebenzayo leNdalo esifakwe kwiTap Water okanye uvavanye amanzi akho ekhaya.
Iimbiza zokucoca amanzi azizisusi iintsholongwane. Uninzi lweembiza zokucoca amanzi zisebenzisa izihluzi zokutshintshana kwekhabhoni okanye i-ion, ezinganciphisi iintsholongwane ezifana neentsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, iLifeStraw Home kunye neLARQ zinokunciphisa okanye zicinezele ezinye iintsholongwane zisebenzisa izihluzi zemembrane kunye nokukhanya kwe-UV, ngokulandelelana. Ukuba ulawulo lweentsholongwane luyinto ephambili, jonga kwiindlela zokucoca amanzi okanye inkqubo yokucoca eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo usebenzisa i-reverse osmosis.
Jonga incwadi yemiyalelo yomnini wakho ukuze ufumane ukuba zeziphi iindawo ekufuneka zihlanjwe ngesandla kwaye zeziphi ezinokuhlanjwa kwisitya sokuhlamba izitya. Nangona kunjalo, qiniseka ukuba uyicocile imbiza. Iintsholongwane, ukungunda, kunye nevumba elibi zinokuqokelelana kuyo nayiphi na into ekhitshini, kwaye neembiza zokucoca amanzi azifani.
Zihlobo zam, akufuneki unxanwe ngalo lonke ixesha. Nokuba into ephambili kuwe kukufikelela lula, uzinzo, okanye uyilo oluhle, sifumene iimbiza zokucoca amanzi ezilungileyo kakhulu ekhayeni lakho. Ijagi enkulu yokucoca amanzi yaseBrita yempompo namanzi okusela enesalathisi sokutshintsha isihluzo seSmartLight + isihluzo esi-1 esikhethekileyo. Ukukhetha kwethu isihluzo esibalaseleyo. Sihlaziya isihluzo seBrita sakudala, okwenza kube lula ngakumbi. Iitops, izibambo ezibanzi kunye nokucoca okukrelekrele kwiimveliso ezihlala ixesha elide kodwa ezibiza kancinci. Kodwa nokuba ukhetha yiphi, qiniseka ukuba utshintsha isihluzo rhoqo ukuze ufumane inzuzo ephezulu kwaye unciphise ungcoliseko.
I-Popular Science yaqala ukubhala ngetekhnoloji kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-150 eyadlulayo. Xa sasipapasha ushicilelo lwethu lokuqala ngo-1872, bekungekho nto ibizwa ngokuba “kukubhala igajethi,” kodwa ukuba bekunjalo, injongo yethu yokubonakalisa ihlabathi lokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kubafundi bemihla ngemihla yayithetha ukuba sonke besikwi-. I-PopSci ngoku izinikele ngokupheleleyo ekuncedeni abafundi ukuba baqonde iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo ezikhula rhoqo kwimarike.
Ababhali nabahleli bethu banamava angamashumi eminyaka ekugubungeleni nasekuphononongeni izixhobo ze-elektroniki zabathengi. Sonke sinezinto esizithandayo - ukusuka kwisandi esikumgangatho ophezulu ukuya kwimidlalo yevidiyo, iikhamera nokunye - kodwa xa sicinga ngezixhobo ezingaphandle kwendlu yethu ekufutshane, senza konke okusemandleni ethu ukufumana amazwi kunye nezimvo ezithembekileyo ukunceda abantu bakhethe ezona zilungileyo. Siyazi ukuba asazi yonke into, kodwa siyavuya ukuvavanya ukukhubazeka kohlalutyo okunokubangelwa kukuthenga kwi-intanethi ukuze abafundi bangabi naso.